n.

WordNet

the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin
the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/08/29 18:15:51」(JST)

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An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding (from extravasation of blood) with diameter larger than 1-centimetre (0.39 in). It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a hematoma, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage.^[1] Specifically, bruises are caused by trauma whereas ecchymoses, which are the same as the spots of purpura except larger, are not necessarily caused by trauma,^[2] often being caused by pathophysiologic cell function, and some diseases such as Marburg virus disease.

A broader definition of ecchymosis^[3]^[4] is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the contused tissue.

Signs and symptoms

Hematomas can be subdivided by size. By definition, ecchymoses are 1 centimeter in size or larger, and are therefore larger than petechiae ( less than 2 millimeters in diameter) or purpura (2 millimeters to 1 centimeter in diameter).^[5] Ecchymoses also have a more diffuse border than other purpura.^[6]

Cause

There are many causes of subcutaneous hematomas including ecchymoses. Coagulopathies such as Hemophilia A may cause ecchymosis formation in children.^[7] The medication betamethasone can have the adverse effect of causing echhymosis.^[8]

Etymology and pronunciation

The word ecchymosis (/ˌɛkɪˈmoʊsɪs/; plural ecchymoses, /ˌɛkɪˈmoʊsis/), comes to English from New Latin, based on Greek ἐκχύμωσις ekchymōsis, from ἐκχυμοῦσθαι ekchymousthai "to extravasate blood", from ἐκ- ek- (elided to ἐ- e-) and χυμός chymos "juice".^[9] Compare enchyma, "tissue infused with organic juice"; elaboration from chyme, the formative juice of tissues.

References

^ "UCSF Purpura Module" (PDF).
^ "Easy Bruising Symptoms".
^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis; accessed 1/2/2012
^ Gould, George M. "The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary," P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311
^ Leung, AKC; Chan, KW (August 2001). "Evaluating the Child with Purpura". American Family Physician. 64 (3): 419–429.
^ "Case Based Pediatrics Chapter". Retrieved 2009-01-08.
^ Lee, AC (June 2008). "Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 49 (6): 445–449. PMID 18581014.
^ "betamethasone" (PDF). F.A. Davis.
^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: "ecchymosis", Merriam-Webster.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis at Distant Sites: A Report of 2 New Cases Due to Enoxaparin Injection and a Review of the Literature.

Villanueva CA, Nájera L, Espinosa P, Borbujo J.SourceServicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España. Electronic address: cvillanueva.hflr@salud.madrid.org.
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2012 Nov;103(9):816-819. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.06.012. Epub 2012 Feb 15.
Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin used in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism and other thrombotic disorders. The most common adverse reactions to enoxaparin are ecchymosis, skin necrosis, urticaria, angioedema, and eczema. The first 2 cases of bullous hemorrhagic de
PMID 22341878

Cutaneous radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast: poor prognosis in a rare secondary malignancy.

Morgan EA, Kozono DE, Wang Q, Mery CM, Butrynski JE, Baldini EH, George S, Nascimento AF, Raut CP.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2012 Nov;19(12):3801-8. doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2563-4. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (CRAASBr) is a rare complication of radiation therapy (RT) administered for primary breast cancer treatment. Although case series have provided clinical and histological descriptions of this disease, to our knowledge, none have id
PMID 22890593

Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis at Distant Sites: A Report of 2 New Cases Due to Enoxaparin Injection and a Review of the Literature.

Villanueva CA, Nájera L, Espinosa P, Borbujo J.SourceServicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: cvillanueva.hflr@salud.madrid.org.
Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2012 Oct 22. pii: S1578-2190(12)00279-X. doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2011.06.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin used in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism and other thrombotic disorders. The most common adverse reactions to enoxaparin are ecchymosis, skin necrosis, urticaria, angioedema, and eczema. The first 2 cases of bullous hemorrhagic de
PMID 23099179

Japanese Journal

Oblique Chest X-Ray: An Alternative Way to Detect Pneumothorax

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018
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鼠径部再発を抑制すると考えられる新しい高位結紮術—Avulsion TechniqueによるHigh Ligation—

静脈学 28(1), 11-16, 2017
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波長1470 nm レーザーでの血管内焼灼術による新たな展開

日本レーザー医学会誌 37(2), 145-150, 2016
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下肢静脈瘤治療に対する血管内レーザー焼灼術における装置とレーザー照射法

日本レーザー医学会誌 37(2), 170-174, 2016
NAID 130006106578

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「皮下出血」「紫斑」「斑状出血」「ecchymotic」

「皮下出血」

Ecchymoses
	Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis, also known as "raccoon eyes". (Bruising around the eyes on both sides.)
Pronunciation	/ˌɛkɪˈmoʊsɪs/; e- + chym + -osis;
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Dermatology
ICD-9-CM	459.89, 782.7
MeSH	D004438
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: subcutaneous hemorrhage, subcutaneous bleeding, bruise

点状出血 petechiae <φ2 mm
紫斑 purpula φ2-5 mm
斑状出血 ecchymosis >φ5mm
溢血斑 suggillation 広範な出血。びまん性出血斑
血腫 hematoma 膨隆が見られるもの

「紫斑」

　　[★]

英: purpura
関: 紫斑病

紫斑

治療

原因疾患の治療
姑息的にビタミンC製剤(シナール配合)やトラネキサム酸が使われることがある。

「斑状出血」

　　[★]

英: ecchymosis
同: 溢血斑 blood spot、皮下溢血 suggillation
関: 紫斑

「ecchymotic」

　　[★]

adj.

出血斑の、斑状出血の、溢血斑の

関: ecchymoses、ecchymosis

[1] "UCSF Purpura Module" (PDF).

[2] "Easy Bruising Symptoms".

[3] Merriam-Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis; accessed 1/2/2012

[4] Gould, George M. "The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary," P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311

[Pediatric-5] Leung, AKC; Chan, KW (August 2001). "Evaluating the Child with Purpura". American Family Physician. 64 (3): 419–429.

[urlCase_Based_Pediatrics_Chapter-6] "Case Based Pediatrics Chapter". Retrieved 2009-01-08.

[Singapore-7] Lee, AC (June 2008). "Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome" (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. 49 (6): 445–449. PMID 18581014.

[8] "betamethasone" (PDF). F.A. Davis.

[MW_Collegiate-9] Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary: "ecchymosis", Merriam-Webster.

v t e General wounds and injuries (T08-T35, 870-949)
Abrasions	Abrasion Avulsion
Blisters	Blood blister Coma blister Delayed blister Edema blister Fracture blister Friction blister Sucking blister
Bruises	Hematoma/Ecchymosis Battle's sign Raccoon eyes Black eye Subungual hematoma Cullen's sign Grey Turner's sign Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Animal bites	Insect bite Spider bite Snakebite
Other:	Ballistic trauma Stab wound Blunt trauma/ superficial/closed Penetrating trauma/open Aerosol burn Burn/Corrosion/Chemical burn Frostbite Occupational injuries Traumatic amputation
By region	Hand injury Head injury Chest trauma Abdominal trauma

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ecchymosis