eagerness

　 　

WordNet

1. a positive feeling of wanting to push ahead with something (同)avidity, avidness, keenness
2. the quality of being meager; "an exiguity of cloth that would only allow of miniature capes"-George Eliot (同)meagreness, leanness, poorness, scantiness, scantness, exiguity

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1. 熱心

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/30 13:10:38」(JST)

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Enthusiasm originally meant inspiration or possession by a divine afflatus or by the presence of a god. Johnson's Dictionary, the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language, defines enthusiasm as "a vain belief of private revelation; a vain confidence of divine favour or communication." In current English vernacular the word simply means intense enjoyment, interest, or approval.

Originally, an enthusiast was a person possessed by a god. Applied by the Greeks to manifestations of divine possession, by Apollo (as in the case of the Pythia), or by Dionysus (as in the case of the Bacchantes and Maenads), the term enthusiasm was also used in a transferred or figurative sense. Socrates taught that the inspiration of poets is a form of enthusiasm.

Its uses were confined to a belief in religious inspiration, or to intense religious fervour or emotion. Thus, a Syrian sect of the 4th century was known as the Enthusiasts. They believed that "by perpetual prayer, ascetic practices and contemplation, man could become inspired by the Holy Spirit, in spite of the ruling evil spirit, which the fall had given to him". From their belief in the efficacy of prayer, they were also known as Euchites.

Several Protestant sects of the 16th and 17th centuries were called enthusiastic. During the years that immediately followed the Glorious Revolution, "enthusiasm" was a British pejorative term for advocacy of any political or religious cause in public. Such "enthusiasm" was seen in the time around 1700 as the cause of the previous century's English Civil War and its attendant atrocities, and thus it was an absolute social sin to remind others of the war by engaging in enthusiasm. The Royal Society bylaws stipulated that any person discussing religion or politics at a Society meeting was to be summarily ejected for being an "enthusiast." During the 18th century, popular Methodists such as John Wesley or George Whitefield were accused of blind enthusiasm (i.e. fanaticism), a charge against which they defended themselves by distinguishing fanaticism from "religion of the heart."

Modern usage

In contemporary usage, enthusiasm has lost its meaning that someone is over excited and irritable.

The Enthusiast also refers to the "Type Seven" personality type (not to be confused with the "Type Three"/"Type A" personality) (Daniels & Price 2000). Some who fall into this modern definition of "enthusiasts" are adventurous, constantly busy with many activities with all the energy and enthusiasm of the Puer Aeternus (Peter Pan Complex). At their best they grab life for its different joys and wonders and truly live in the moment but, at their worst, they dash trepidatiously from one new endeavor to another, too scared of disappointment to actually enjoy themselves. Enthusiasts fear being incapable of providing for themselves or of experiencing life fully.

The noun "enthusiast" is sometimes used to fans of various activities or organizations. Some fandoms have more specific terms, such as "avgeeks" for aviation enthusiasts.

See also

• Motivation
• Emotional contagion
• Euphoria
• Flow (psychology)
• Zest (positive psychology)
• Entheogen
• Fan
• Connoisseur
• Artistic inspiration

References

• Daniels, M.D., D.; Price, PhD, V. (2000), The Essential Enneagram, New York: HarperCollins 

Further reading

• Ronald Knox. Enthusiasm: a Chapter in the History of Religion, with Special Reference to the XVII and XVIII Centuries. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 1950. viii, 622 p.
• John Locke. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. vol. 2. New York: Dover Publications
• Susie Tucker. Enthusiasm: A Study in Semantic Change. London: Cambridge University Press

External links

• David Hume, Of Superstition and Enthusiasm
• The Ronald Knox Society of North America
• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: enthusiasm
• John Wesley's Sermon, "The Nature of Enthusiasm"

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Do you play to win--or to not lose?

• Halvorson HG, Higgins ET.SourceMotivation Science Center, Columbia University, USA.
• Harvard business review.Harv Bus Rev.2013 Mar;91(3):117-20, 135.
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• Coevolving parasites and population size shape the evolution of mating behaviour.

• Kerstes NA, Bérénos C, Martin OY.SourceETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Experimental Ecology, Zürich, Switzerland. nielskerstes@hotmail.com
• BMC evolutionary biology.BMC Evol Biol.2013 Feb 4;13:29. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-29.
• BACKGROUND: Coevolution with parasites and population size are both expected to influence the evolution of mating rates. To gain insights into the interaction between these dual selective factors, we used populations from a coevolution experiment with the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and i
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• Standardization study of internet addiction improvement motivation scale.

• Park JW, Park KH, Lee IJ, Kwon M, Kim DJ.SourceDepartment of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Social Science, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
• Psychiatry investigation.Psychiatry Investig.2012 Dec;9(4):373-8. doi: 10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.373. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure motivation to improve Internet addiction. Motivation is known to be important to treat Internet addiction successfully. The reliability of the scale was assessed, and its concurrent validity was evaluated.METHODS: Ninety-two adol
• PMID 23251202

Japanese Journal

• 社会人学習者および短期大学生の有毒植物の知識と学習意欲に関する比較検討

• 人間・植物関係学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society of People-Plant Relationships 15(2), 11-18, 2016-03-31
• NAID 40020883655

• ハンセン病短歌の形成 : 内田守の熱情をめぐって

• Communication-design 14, 67-82, 2016-03
• NAID 120005745881

• 自然乳化を利用したマイクロ水滴内包物の選択的濃縮法

• 分析化学 65(2), 57-64, 2016
• NAID 130005131104

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