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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/22 13:22:44」(JST)

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Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders that make it difficult to get to sleep, or to remain sleeping.

Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors.

Major types of dyssomnias

There are over 30 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. Major groups of dyssomnias include:

Intrinsic sleep disorders – 12 disorders recognized, including
- hypersomnia,
- narcolepsy,
- periodic limb movement disorder,
- restless legs syndrome,
- sleep apnea,
- sleep state misperception.
Extrinsic sleep disorders – 13 disorders recognized, including
- alcohol-dependent sleep disorder,
- food allergy insomnia,
- inadequate sleep routine.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders, both intrinsic and extrinsic – 6 disorders recognized, including
- advanced sleep phase syndrome,
- delayed sleep phase syndrome,
- jetlag,
- shift work sleep disorder.

Treatment

In general, there are two broad classes of treatment, and the two may be combined: psychological (cognitive-behavioral) and pharmacological. In situations of acute distress, such as a grief reaction, pharmacologic measures may be most appropriate. With primary insomnia, however, initial efforts should be psychologically based. Other specific treatments are appropriate for some of the disorders, such as ingestion of the hormone melatonin and bright light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose and treat these disorders.

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English Journal

Response to the Letter of Dr. Tomoyuki Kawada, "Acute Myocardial Infarction and Sleep Apnea".

Ludka O1, Taborsky M2, Sert-Kuniyoshi F3, Spinar J1, Somers VK3, Kara T4.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Sep 15;195:51-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.051. Epub 2015 May 12.
PMID 26022799

Ondine Undone.

Nattie E.
The New England journal of medicine.N Engl J Med.2015 Aug 6;373(6):573-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1507734.
PMID 26244313

Working night shifts affects surgeons' biological rhythm.

Amirian I1, Andersen LT2, Rosenberg J2, Gögenur I2.
American journal of surgery.Am J Surg.2015 Aug;210(2):389-95. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.09.035. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND: Chronic sleep deprivation combined with work during the night is known to affect performance and compromise residents' own safety. The aim of this study was to examine markers of circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake cycle in surgeons working night shifts.METHODS: Surgeons were monitored p
PMID 25678472