dross

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(溶かした金属の)浮きかす,かなくそ / かす,くず(waste)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/26 10:04:12」(JST)

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For the Austrian municipality, see Droß.

Aluminium dross

Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal(s).

With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling, removed some dross.^[1] With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. Dross can also be skimmed off.

Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; aluminium dross, for example, can be recycled and is used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.^[2]

Etymology and usage

The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.^[3] Dregs^[3] and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related.^[4] Metallurgical dross is referenced as a metaphor for worthless material in the Bible and in other religious texts.^{[note 1]} TF2Dross

Notes

^ In the Book of Ezekiel 22 v 18 : "Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.",^[5] in the Book of Proverbs,^[6] and in the Book of Mormon (Alma 32:3 ) "Therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as dross..".^[7]

References

^ [David. S.] (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6
^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
^ ^a ^b "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.
^ Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142.
^ Ezekiel 22:18. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.
^ Proverbs 25:4. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.
^ Alma 32:3. "The Book of Mormon". http://lds.org/scriptures/.

External links

Look up dross in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling
Herbert F. Lund. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook. Chapter 37.23: United Kingdom: European Union Directive Percipitates Aluminum "Dross" Recycling.
Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement
DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process

English Journal

Anandamide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis are mediated by oxidative stress in non-melanoma skin cancer: Receptor-independent endocannabinoid signaling.

Soliman E1, Van Dross R1.
Molecular carcinogenesis.Mol Carcinog.2015 Oct 29. doi: 10.1002/mc.22429. [Epub ahead of print]
Endocannabinoids are neuromodulatory lipids that regulate central and peripheral physiological functions. Endocannabinoids have emerged as effective antitumor drugs due to their ability to induce apoptosis in various cancer studies. The G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the T
PMID 26513129

High-precision measurement of (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os: isobaric oxide corrections with in-run measured oxygen isotope ratios.

Chu ZY1, Li CF1, Chen Z1,2, Xu JJ3, Di YK4, Guo JH1.
Analytical chemistry.Anal Chem.2015 Sep 1;87(17):8765-71. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01689. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
We present a novel method for high precision measurement of (186)Os/(188)Os and (187)Os/(188)Os ratios, applying isobaric oxide interference correction based on in-run measurements of oxygen isotopic ratios. For this purpose, we set up a static data collection routine to measure the main Os(16)O3(-)
PMID 26255581

Altered Exosomal RNA Profiles in Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Lung Transplants with Acute Rejection.

Gregson AL1, Hoji A2, Injean P3, Poynter ST4,5, Briones C6, Palchevskiy V7, Weigt SS8, Shino M9, Derhovanessian A10, Sayah D11, Saggar R12, Ross D13, Ardehali A14, Lynch Iii JP15, Belperio JA16.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2015 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print]
Rationale The mechanism by which acute allograft rejection leads to chronic rejection remains poorly understood despite its common occurrence. Exosomes, membrane vesicles released from cells within the lung allograft, contain a diverse array of biomolecules that closely reflect the biological state
PMID 26308930

Japanese Journal

Influence of Hot Pressing Sintering Temperature on β-Sialon-15R Ceramics Synthesized from Aluminum Dross

LI Jiajing,WANG Jun,CHEN Haiyan,SUN Baode
Materials transactions 53(8), 1495-1501, 2012-08-01
NAID 10030953540

Influence of Hot Pressing Sintering Temperature on β-Sialon-15R Ceramics Synthesized from Aluminum Dross

Li Jiajing,Wang Jun,Chen Haiyan
Materials Transactions 53(8), 1495-1501, 2012-08
NAID 40019361326

A TWO-DOF Controlled Lens Drive Actuator for Off-Axis Laser Beam Cutting

MORIMOTO Yoshihiro,SHINSHI Tadahiko,NAKAI Takahiro
Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing 6(6), 875-884, 2012
… Off-axis laser beam cutting by using the prototype actuator achieves high speed and less dross processing. …
NAID 130002099519

Related Pictures

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[8] In the Book of Ezekiel 22 v 18 : "Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.",^[5] in the Book of Proverbs,^[6] and in the Book of Mormon (Alma 32:3 ) "Therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as dross..".^[7]

[1] [David. S.] (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6

[2] Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.

[dr-3] "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.

[4] Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142.

[5] Ezekiel 22:18. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.

[6] Proverbs 25:4. "The Bible (King James version)". www.biblegateway.com.

[7] Alma 32:3. "The Book of Mormon". http://lds.org/scriptures/.

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