飲酒者

WordNet

a person who drinks alcoholic beverages (especially to excess) (同)imbiber, toper, juicer
a person who drinks liquids
someone whose favorite drink is beer or ale (同)ale drinker
drink excessive amounts of alcohol; be an alcoholic; "The husband drinks and beats his wife" (同)tope
the act of drinking alcoholic beverages to excess; "drink was his downfall" (同)drinking, boozing, drunkenness, crapulence
a single serving of a beverage; "I asked for a hot drink"; "likes a drink before dinner"
any large deep body of water; "he jumped into the drink and had to be rescued"
consume alcohol; "We were up drinking all night" (同)booze, fuddle
take in liquids; "The patient must drink several liters each day"; "The children like to drink soda" (同)imbibe

PrepTutorEJDIC

飲む人;酒飲み
大酒飲み
〈飲み物〉‘を'『飲む』 / 〈植物・地面・物が〉〈水分など〉‘を'吸収する;〈人が〉〈空気〉‘を'深く吸う / 〈カップ・グラスなど容器の中身〉‘を'飲む,飲み干す / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈金・時間など〉‘を'酒で飲みつぶす / (…のために)…‘に'祝杯を上げる,…‘を'祈って乾杯する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (飲み物を)『飲む』 / (習慣で,また過度に)酒を飲む / (…のために祈って)乾杯する《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉『飲み物』,飲料 / 〈U〉『酒』;飲酒 / 〈C〉(飲み物の)ひと飲み,1杯

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/23 10:09:07」(JST)

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For other uses, see Drinker (disambiguation).

Drinker (for Edward Drinker Cope) was a genus of hypsilophodont dinosaur from the late Jurassic period of North America. Although based on good remains, it remains obscure due to a lack of post-naming publications.

Description

A relatively small dinosaur, Drinker was approximately 2 meters (6 ft) long and may have weighed up to 10 kilograms (22 lb).^[1] It was a biped with short arms, a small head, and long, strong legs.

Classification

Drinker has sometimes been regarded informally as a possible synonym of contemporaneous Othnielia (now Othnielosaurus), but the latest reviews have kept it separate.^[2]^[3] It has usually been regarded as a "hypsilophodont" of uncertain but basal affinities; Phyllodon from the Late Jurassic of Portugal may have been related.^[3]^[4]

Discovery and history

In 1990, Robert Bakker, Peter Galton, James Siegwarth, and James Filla described the partial remains of Drinker nisti. The name is somewhat ironic; Drinker, named for renowned palaeontologist Edward Drinker Cope whose infamous "bone wars" with rival Othniel Charles Marsh produced many dinosaur fossils which are world-famous today, was described as a probable close relative of Othnielia, named for Marsh. The species name refers to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).^[5]

Discovered by Siegwarth and Filla in upper Morrison Formation beds at Como Bluff, Wyoming, Drinker was based on a partial subadult skeleton (CPS 106) including partial jaws, vertebrae, and partial limbs. Numerous additional specimens from the age spectrum found in the same area were assigned to it, mostly consisting of vertebral and hindlimb remains, and teeth. The authors considered it to be too archaic to be a true "hypsilophodont", particularly in teeth lacking a strong central vertical ridge, and placed it with Othnielia (Othnielosaurus) in a separate unnamed group.^[5] Since 1990, little has been published on this genus. Drinker remains are present in stratigraphic zones 5 and 6.^[6]

Paleobiology

Bakker (1990) described its environment as swampy (lungfish teeth and marsh vegetation were found in the area), and interpreted its broad feet with spreading toes as being well-suited to such an environment, especially compared to the narrow-footed stegosaurs and sauropods found elsewhere in the Morrison.^[7] He later described tightly-packed pods of 6 to 35 individuals which he interpreted as representing groups of Drinker in burrows, perhaps drowned by flooding or killed by disease.^[8] This interpretation has not attracted much attention from other workers. If Drinker was indeed a burrower, it would be among the first known for dinosaurs; the only well-supported published case of a fossorial nonavian dinosaur is the more recently discovered, distantly related Oryctodromeus.^[9] Otherwise, it appears to have been like other basal ornithopods: a small bipedal herbivore. It lived alongside turtles, lungfish, and early mammals (Zofiabaatar, Foxraptor).^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Foster, J.R. (2003). Paleoecological Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23.
^ Norman, D.B., Sues, H.-D., Witmer, L.M., and Coria, R.A. (2004). Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., (eds), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, pp. 392-412. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
^ ^a ^b Galton, P.M. (2007). Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 17-47. ISBN 0-253-34817-X
^ Rauhut, Oliver W.M. (2001). "Herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 112 (3): 275–283. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(01)80007-9.
^ ^a ^b Bakker, R.T., Galton, P.M., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming. Part IV. The dinosaurs: A new Othnielia-like hypsilophodontoid. Hunteria 2(6): 8-14.
^ Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329.
^ Bakker, R.T. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming, with comments on Morrison biochronology. Part I. Biochronology. Hunteria 2(6):1-3.
^ Bakker, R. T. (1997). "Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado". In Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 67–77.
^ Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; and Katsura, Yoshihiro (2007). "First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274 (1616): 1361–1368. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443. PMC 2176205. PMID 17374596. Retrieved 2007-03-22.

External links

Dinosaurs portal

Drinker and burrowing
Brief capsule description at Thescelosaurus!

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児におけるエタノール中毒：疫学、毒性の推定、および毒性作用 ethanol intoxication in children epidemiology estimation of toxicity and toxic effects
2. 成人におけるエタノール中毒 ethanol intoxication in adults
3. アルコール摂取と妊娠 alcohol intake and pregnancy
4. 成人における浮腫の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of edema in adults
5. 患者情報：アルコール摂取-飲酒が問題になるのはいつか（詳細） alcohol use when is drinking a problem beyond the basics

English Journal

Effects of number of cagemates on home cage ethanol drinking during proximal cagemate drinking (PCD) procedures in male and female CD-1 mice.

Tomie A1, Samuel AG2, Sprung DM2, Malul Y2, Yu L3.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.2015 Mar 3;57:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
The present experiment evaluated the effects of the Number of Cagemates (0 vs 1 vs 2) on home cage ethanol drinking during Proximal Cagemate Drinking (PCD) procedures in Male and Female CD-1 mice. Continuous-access home cage 2-bottle (ethanol vs. water) free-choice procedures were employed. PCD proc
PMID 25447404

The Common Chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) Variant G60G (C.180T) Increases Risk of Chronic Pancreatitis But Not Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in a North American Population.

LaRusch J1, Lozano-Leon A1, Stello K1, Moore A1, Muddana V1, O'Connell M1, Diergaarde B2, Yadav D1, Whitcomb DC3.
Clinical and translational gastroenterology.Clin Transl Gastroenterol.2015 Jan 8;6:e68. doi: 10.1038/ctg.2014.13.
OBJECTIVES: Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is a complex inflammatory disorder that may progress to fibrosis and other irreversible features recognized as chronic pancreatitis (CP). Chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) protects the pancreas by degrading prematurely activated trypsinogen. Rare mutations are
PMID 25569187

Differences in subjective response to alcohol in heavy- and light-drinking Chinese men versus Caucasian American men.

Rueger SY1, Hu H, McNamara P, Cao D, Hao W, King AC.
Addiction (Abingdon, England).Addiction.2015 Jan;110(1):91-9. doi: 10.1111/add.12737. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
AIMS: To compare subjective responses to alcohol among Han Chinese and Caucasian American males.DESIGN: Double-blinded, placebo-controlled human laboratory design. Participants completed three randomized experimental sessions with high and low alcohol and placebo beverages.SETTING: Chinese participa
PMID 25203488

Varenicline, naltrexone, and their combination for heavy-drinking smokers: preliminary neuroimaging findings.

Ray LA1, Courtney KE, Ghahremani DG, Miotto K, Brody A, London ED.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse.2015 Jan;41(1):35-44. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.927881. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
Abstract Rationale: Heavy drinking smokers constitute a sizeable and hard-to-treat subgroup of smokers, for whom tailored smoking cessation therapies are not yet available.OBJECTIVE: The present study used a double-blind, randomized, 2 × 2 medication design, testing varenicline alone (VAR; 1
PMID 24949564

Japanese Journal

わが国における中程度飲酒者の脂肪性肝硬変の実態 (特集日常臨床のジレンマ : NASHかASHか)

鈴木康秋,大竹孝明,高後裕
消化器内科 57(6), 690-695, 2013-12
NAID 40019931106

女子大学生の飲酒行動に関する実態調査 : 飲酒環境とアルコール依存度の関係

藤岡奈美,小野富美子
母性衛生 53(4), 478-486, 2013-01
本研究では, 20歳以上の女子大学生264名を対象とし,飲酒環境とアルコール依存度における実態調査を実施した。その結果,初めて酒席に参加した平均年齢は18.4±1.1歳であった。また,初回飲酒年齢は,平均18.2±2.0歳であり,大学入学を機会に酒席への参加,初回飲酒を経験していた。さらに,対象者の多くは,飲酒に肯定的イメージを抱き,飲酒すると「楽しい気分・雰囲気になれる」などと回答していた。しか …
NAID 110009578840

白血球除去・血漿交換・ステロイド等の集学的治療にて救命し得た重症型アルコール性肝炎の1例

麻興華,長沼篤,佐藤洋子 [他],鏑木大輔,新井理記,細沼賢一,湯浅和久,丸田栄,登丸行雄,高木均
肝臓 54(11), 765-773, 2013
症例は33歳男性．20歳からビール1日平均1.5～2 L，10年以上飲酒を継続していた．28歳時に肝機能異常を指摘され，その後改善，増悪を繰り返していた．200X年7月より飲酒量が増え，8月から黄疸，腹部膨満，食欲不振，浮腫の症状が出現し当院入院となった．入院後，全身性炎症反応症候群を伴う重症型アルコール性肝炎と診断した．重症型アルコール性肝炎では炎症性サイトカインや好中球浸潤による酸化ストレスを …
NAID 130003384486

Alcohol Consumption and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men : A 3-Year Follow-up Study

KIM Byung Jin,KIM Bum Soo,KANG Jin Ho
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 76(10), 2363-2371, 2012-09-25
… All of the 3 drinker groups at baseline had higher odds ratios for the incidence of MetS than the non-drinkers (OR [95% confidence interval]: 1.51 [1.06–2.13] in the light drinkers, 1.71 [1.14–2.55] in the moderate drinkers, and 2.11 [1.25–3.56] in the heavy drinkers). …
NAID 10030874717

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「drink」

Drinker; Temporal range: Late Jurassic
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Superorder:	Dinosauria
Order:	Ornithischia
Suborder:	Cerapoda
Infraorder:	Ornithopoda
Family:	Hypsilophodontidae
Genus:	Drinker
Binomial name
	Drinker nisti; Bakker et al., 1990

　　[★]

飲む、飲酒する

関: alcohol drinking、drinking

[JF03-1] Foster, J.R. (2003). Paleoecological Analysis of the Vertebrate Fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, U.S.A. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 23.

[NSWC04-2] Norman, D.B., Sues, H.-D., Witmer, L.M., and Coria, R.A. (2004). Basal Ornithopoda. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H., (eds), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, pp. 392-412. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

[PMG07-3] Galton, P.M. (2007). Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States. In: K. Carpenter (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, pp. 17-47. ISBN 0-253-34817-X

[OR01-4] Rauhut, Oliver W.M. (2001). "Herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 112 (3): 275–283. doi:10.1016/S0016-7878(01)80007-9.

[BGSF90-5] Bakker, R.T., Galton, P.M., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming. Part IV. The dinosaurs: A new Othnielia-like hypsilophodontoid. Hunteria 2(6): 8-14.

[foster-appendix-6] Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329.

[RTB90-7] Bakker, R.T. (1990). A new latest Jurassic vertebrate fauna, from the highest levels of the Morrison Formation at Como Bluff, Wyoming, with comments on Morrison biochronology. Part I. Biochronology. Hunteria 2(6):1-3.

[RTB97-8] Bakker, R. T. (1997). "Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado". In Lucas, S.G., Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W. (eds.). Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. pp. 67–77.

[VMK07-9] Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; and Katsura, Yoshihiro (2007). "First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274 (1616): 1361–1368. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443. PMC 2176205. PMID 17374596. Retrieved 2007-03-22.

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drinker