distrust

　 　 　

WordNet

1. regard as untrustworthy; regard with suspicion; have no faith or confidence in (同)mistrust, suspect
2. the trait of not trusting others (同)distrustfulness, mistrust
3. having or showing distrust; "a man of distrustful nature"; "my experience...in other fields of law has made me distrustful of rules of thumb generally"- B.N.Cardozo; "vigilant and distrustful superintendence"- Thomas Jefferson
4. with distrust; "she looked at him distrustfully" (同)mistrustfully

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 不信,疑惑 / …‘を'信用しない
2. 信用しない,疑い深い

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/13 10:08:02」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Distrust (or mistrust) is a formal way of not trusting any one party too much in a situation of grave risk or deep doubt. It is commonly expressed in civics as a division or balance of powers, or in politics as means of validating treaty terms. Systems based on distrust simply divide the responsibility so that checks and balances can operate. The phrase "Trust, but verify" refers specifically to distrust.

An electoral system or adversarial process inevitably is based on distrust, but not on mistrust. Parties compete in the system, but they do not compete to subvert the system itself, or gain bad faith advantage through it - if they do they are easily caught by the others. Of course much mistrust does exist between parties, and it is exactly this which motivates putting in place a formal system of distrust. Diplomatic protocol for instance, which applies between states, relies on such means as formal disapproval which in effect say "we do not trust that person". It also tends to rely on a strict etiquette - distrusting each person's habits to signal their intent, and instead relying on a global standard for behaviour in sensitive social settings.

A protocol as defined in computer science uses a more formal idea of distrust itself. Different parts of a system are not supposed to "trust" each other but rather perform specific assertions, requests and validations. Once these are passed, the responsibility for errors lies strictly with the receiving part of the system, not that which sent the original information. Applying this principle inside one program is called contract-based design.

Corporate governance relies on distrust insofar as the board is not to trust the reports it receives from management, but is empowered to investigate them, challenge them, and otherwise act on behalf of shareholders vs. managers. The fact that they rarely or never do so in most American companies is a sign that the distrust relationship has broken down - accounting scandals and calls for accounting reform are the inevitable result. It is precisely to avoid such larger crises of trust in "the system" that formal distrust measures are put in place to begin with.

Studying Distrust

Neuroeconomics explain how economists are attempting to understand why humans trust or distrust others by recording physiological measurements during trust experiments. Economists conducted an experiment observing distrust through a trust game. Subjects were asked to anonymously donate various amounts of money to other anonymous subjects with no guarantee of receiving money in return. Various conditions were run of the experiment and after each decision, subjects' levels of DHT were measured. The results of this experiment suggest men and women respond to distrust physiologically differently; a heightened level of the hormone Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in men is associated with distrust. However, more experiments need to be conducted and more results need to be obtained to accurately state the relationship between the amount of DHT present in males and responses to distrust.

Distrust has also been shown to increase the speed and performance of individuals and groups at certain tasks. One way to classify tasks is to split them into routine (normal, usual) and nonroutine (creative, unusual, undefined). In experiments distrust has been shown to increase performance in nonroutine tasks while decreasing performance in routine tasks.

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• 5. 米国におけるホームレスの健康管理 healthcare of homeless persons in the united states

English Journal

• An experimental re-examination of the inferential confusion hypothesis of obsessive-compulsive doubt.

• Gangemi A1, Mancini F2, Dar R3.
• Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry.2015 Sep;48:90-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.008. Epub 2015 Mar 2.
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The inferential confusion hypothesis postulates that obsessive doubt is perpetuated by a subjective form of reasoning characterized primarily by a distrust of reality and an overreliance on imagined possibilities. However, experimental evidence for this hypothesis may be c
• PMID 25775946

• Adolescent knowledge and attitudes related to clinical trials.

• Brown DL1, Cowdery JE2, Jones TS3, Langford A4, Gammage C5, Jacobs TL6.
• Clinical trials (London, England).Clin Trials.2015 Jun;12(3):212-4. doi: 10.1177/1740774515571443. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
• BACKGROUND OR AIMS: Poor enrollment plagues most clinical trials. Furthermore, despite mandates to improve minority representation in clinical trial participation, little progress has been made. We investigated the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents related to clinical trials and made race/ethni
• PMID 25673637

• Why Do People Participate in Epidemiological Research?

• Slegers C1, Zion D, Glass D, Kelsall H, Fritschi L, Brown N, Loff B.
• Journal of bioethical inquiry.J Bioeth Inq.2015 Jun;12(2):227-237. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
• Many assumptions are made about public willingness to participate in epidemiological research, yet few empirical studies have been conducted to ascertain whether such assumptions are correct. Our qualitative study of the public and of expert stakeholders leads us to suggest that people are generally
• PMID 25672617

• Collaborative development of clinical trials education programs for african-american community-based organizations.

• Blakeney N1, Michaels M, Green M, Richmond A, Long D, Robinson WS, Spicer C, Elliott-Bynum S, Corbie-Smith G.
• Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education.J Cancer Educ.2015 Jun;30(2):400-6. doi: 10.1007/s13187-014-0673-3.
• This paper describes the use of a unique "Learning and Feedbackˮ approach to customize cancer clinical trials education programs for Community Bridges, a peer training intervention designed for African-American communities in North Carolina. Generic community education modules were demonstrated wit
• PMID 24906502

Japanese Journal

• 震災・原発報道における新聞報道の在り方(<特集>メディアとジャーナリズムの未来)

• 井上 能行
• 情報の科学と技術 65(1), 21-26, 2015-01-01
• 東日本大震災から4年近くが経つ。岩手,宮城の津波被災地では復興が進む一方,福島第一原発事故を抱える福島県では未だに12万人を超える人が避難を余儀なくされている。福島県内では政治不信,科学者不信に加えて,マスコミへの不信感も強い。不信の理由は,福島県の現状が伝わっていない,というものだ。象徴的な出来事がマンガ「美味しんぼ」騒動だ。作者の意図はどうであれ,マスコミが大騒ぎし,残ったのは風評被害だけだっ …
• NAID 110009900394

• ジャーナリズムとメディアの現在 : 理念を駆動する社会的装置(<特集>メディアとジャーナリズムの未来)

• 植村 八潮
• 情報の科学と技術 65(1), 2-7, 2015-01-01
• ジャーナリズムは,民主主義に不可欠な情報の伝達と,社会正義を実現するための役割を担っている。しかし,この数年来,報道機関をめぐる不祥事や誤報が多発し,マスメディアへの不信感が高まっている。さらにインターネットがマスメディア中心のジャーナリズムを変容させている。本稿では,言論表現を取り巻く法制度が厳しさを増すなかで,メディアやジャーナリズムが担う本来的な意義を再確認し,現在の状況と課題を整理すること …
• NAID 110009900391

• 死産に関わる看護師・助産師の悲嘆過程

• 津田 ちひろ,刀根 洋子
• 母性衛生 55(4), 800-806, 2015-01
• 死産に関わる看護師・助産師の思いや心理は明らかにされているが中長期にわたるその悲嘆過程は明らかになっていない。本研究は死産に関わった看護師・助産師に対し半構成的インタビューを実施し,質的記述的に分析し看護師・助産師の悲嘆過程を明らかにすると共にその過程に合わせた精神的ケアへの示唆を得ることを目的とした。その結果,胎児の死が確定する以前から関わった場合では【産婦の急変に対する焦り】【児の死に対する罪 …
• NAID 110009901236

• 中高年者における高次脳機能，信頼感と騙されやすさの関連

• 八田 武俊,八田 武志,岩原 昭彦,八田 純子,永原 直子,伊藤 恵美,藤原 和美,堀田 千絵
• 心理学研究 advpub(0), 2015
• … In this study, we examined the relationships among higher brain function, trust or distrust, and gullibility in middle-aged and elderly people. … Correlation analyses showed that higher brain function positively correlated with degree of trust in others and negatively correlated with distrust. … However, regression analysis demonstrated that only the relationship between category fluency and distrust was significant. …
• NAID 130004922581

Related Links

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distrustとは。意味や和訳。[動](他)…を信頼しない，疑いの目で見る，疑う，怪しむ(doubt)distrust a person's words人の言葉を信用しない. [名][U]((時にa ～))（…への）不信；疑惑，邪推((of ...)). ⇒MISTRUSTdistrust of politics政治 ...

• Distrust | Define Distrust at Dictionary.com

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• Distrust | Definition of distrust by Merriam-Webster

Definition of DISTRUST for Kids: to have no belief or confidence in <I distrust the ad's claims.> Learn More About DISTRUST Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for "distrust" Spanish Central: Spanish translation of "distrust"

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