dirtiness

　 　

WordNet

1. the state of being unsanitary (同)uncleanness
2. the state of containing dirty impurities

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/08 23:28:46」(JST)

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This article is about matter. For other uses, see Dirt (disambiguation).

"Dirty" redirects here. For other uses, see Dirty (disambiguation).

Dirt is a material found on the Earth's crust. The term dirty refers to having made contact with a person's clothes, skin, or possessions.

Common types include:

• soil: a mix of clay, sand, and humus, which lies over terrestrial bedrock. When mixed with water, soil becomes mud.
• dust: a powder of organic or mineral matter
• grime: dark, ingrained dust such as soot or ash
• filth: foul matter such as excrement or referring to a significant accumulation of such.

Cleaning

Dirty things may be cleaned with solutions of soap and assorted chemicals. Domestic life largely consists of washing, sweeping, and so forth.

In a commercial setting, a dirty appearance gives a bad impression to customers at a place such as a restaurant. This type of dirt may be classified:

• temporary: streaks of dirt and detritus that may be removed by ordinary daily cleaning with soap and/or water
• permanent: ingrained dirt stains or physical damage which require major renovation to remove
• deliberate: design dirt such as decor in dirty yellow or grunge styling

Disposal

As cities developed, arrangements were made for the disposal of dirt. In Britain, the Public Health Act 1875 required households to place their refuse into a container which could be moved so that its contents could be carted away. This was the first legal creation of the dustbin.

Health

Modern society is now thought to be excessively clean. Lack of contact with microorganisms in dirt when growing up is hypothesised to be the cause of the epidemic of allergies such as asthma. The human immune system requires activation and exercise in order to function properly and exposure to dirt may achieve this. For example, the presence of staphylococcus bacteria on the surface of the skin regulates the inflammation which results from injury.

People and other animals may eat dirt. This is thought to be caused by mineral deficiency and so the condition is commonly seen in pregnant women.

Neurosis

People may become obsessed by dirt and engage in fantasies and compulsive behavior about it, such as making and eating mud pies. The source of such thinking may be genetic, as the emotion of disgust is common and a location for it in the brain has been proposed.

Exhibitions and studies

A season of artworks and exhibits on the theme of dirt was sponsored by the Wellcome Trust in 2011. The centrepiece was an exhibition at the Wellcome Collection showing pictures and histories of notable dirt such as the great dust heaps at Euston and King's Cross in the 19th century and the Fresh Kills landfill which was once the world's largest.

References

Further reading

• Terence McLaughlin (1971), Dirt: a social history as seen through the uses and abuses of dirt, Stein and Day, ISBN 978-0-8128-1412-5 
• Pamela Janet Wood (2005), Dirt: filth and decay in a new world arcadia, Auckland University Press, ISBN 978-1-86940-348-5 
• Ben Campkin, Rosie Cox (2007), Dirt: new geographies of cleanliness and contamination, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84511-672-9 
• Virginia Smith et al. (2011), Dirt: The Filthy Reality of Everyday Life, Profile Books Limited, ISBN 978-1-84668-479-1 

External links

• Dirt season at the Wellcome Collection
• Dirt, a 2008 documentary film about dirt and impurity, National Film Board of Canada
• Dirt! The Movie, a 2009 documentary film that explores the relationship between humans and soil.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児および思春期における肥満の併存疾患および合併症 comorbidities and complications of obesity in children and adolescents

English Journal

• Autonomic correlates of physical and moral disgust.

• Ottaviani C, Mancini F, Petrocchi N, Medea B, Couyoumdjian A.SourceDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
• International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.Int J Psychophysiol.2013 May 15. pii: S0167-8760(13)00126-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.003. [Epub ahead of print]
• Given that the hypothesis of a common origin of physical and moral disgust has received sparse empirical support, this study aimed to shed light on the subjective and autonomic signatures of these two facets of the same emotional response. Participants (20 men, 20 women) were randomly assigned to ph
• PMID 23684734

• The sexual health consultation as a moral occasion.

• Cook C.SourceMassey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
• Nursing inquiry.Nurs Inq.2013 Jan 22. doi: 10.1111/nin.12018. [Epub ahead of print]
• COOK C. Nursing Inquiry 2013 The sexual health consultation as a moral occasion Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are socially constructed as more 'dirty' than other gynaecological conditions. This article analyses women's accounts of interactions with clinicians, subsequent to a diagnosis of g
• PMID 23336250

• Disgust, mental contamination, and posttraumatic stress: unique relations following sexual versus non-sexual assault.

• Badour CL, Feldner MT, Babson KA, Blumenthal H, Dutton CE.SourceUniversity of Arkansas, Department of Psychological Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. cbadour@uark.edu
• Journal of anxiety disorders.J Anxiety Disord.2013 Jan;27(1):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.11.002. Epub 2012 Dec 10.
• Disgust and mental contamination (or feelings of dirtiness and urges to wash in the absence of a physical contaminant) are increasingly being linked to traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptomatology. Evidence suggests disgust and mental contamination are particularly relevant
• PMID 23376603

Japanese Journal

• 20世紀初頭の米国におけるathlete's footの成立

• 眞嶋 亜有
• 生活學論叢 (17), 3-13, 2010-09-30
• … Because ringworm infections were considered to be a lower class disease, it became fashionable to distance themselves by calling it "athlete's foot" or "gymnasium malady," thereby re-signifying it as having a leisure class origin and removing connections to poverty or dirtiness. …
• NAID 110007817339

• 「汚い」、「不規律」、「弱い」という言説--日清戦争に従軍した兵士の中国観

• 楊 沛
• 比較文明 (26), 188-210, 2010-00-00
• NAID 40018864307

• パッションのゆくえ--A Farewell to Armsにおける「清潔」と「不潔」

• 勝井 慧
• 関西英文学研究 (4), 69-85[含 英語文要旨], 2010-00-00
• NAID 40018283173

Related Links

• Dirtiness | Define Dirtiness at Dictionary.com

dirty adjective Corrupt; dishonest; shady •Often used of corrupt police officers: If I was dirty, I would take what that Cadillac cost/ Maybe he's not dirty on Nijinsky, but he's dirty on something (1670+) Lewd; obscene; blue, raunchy: This dictionary dotes on dirty words/ Eschew dirty thoughts ...

• dirtiness - definition of dirtiness by The Free Dictionary

His work was hung up in any out-of-the-way corner of the gallery that could be found; it had been bought under protest; it was admitted by sufferance; its freshness and brightness damaged it terribly by contrast with the dirtiness and ...

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