dictum

　

WordNet

1. an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding (同)dictum

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (専門家の)断言,言明 / 金言,格言

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/23 22:54:54」(JST)

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Law

In United States legal terminology, a dictum (plural dicta) is a statement of opinion considered authoritative (although not binding), given the recognized authoritativeness of the person who pronounced it.

There are multiple subtypes of dicta, although due to their overlapping nature, legal practitioners in the U.S. colloquially use dictum to refer to any statement by a court the scope of which extends beyond the issue before the court. Dicta in this sense are not binding under the principle of stare decisis, but tend to have a strong persuasive effect, by virtue of having been stated in an authoritative decision, or by an authoritative judge, or both. These subtypes include:

• dictum proprium: A personal or individual dictum that is expressed by the judge who delivers an opinion but that is not necessarily concurred in by the whole court and that is not essential to the disposition of the case.
• gratis dictum: an assertion that a person makes without being obligated to do so, or a court's discussion of a point or question not raised by the record, or its suggestion of a rule not applicable in the case at bar.
• judicial dictum: an opinion by a court on a question that is directly involved, briefed, and argued by counsel, and even passed on by the court, but that is not essential to the decision.
• obiter dictum in Latin means "something said in passing" and is a comment made while delivering a judicial opinion, but it is unnecessary to the decision in the case and therefore not precedential (although it may be considered persuasive).
• simplex dictum: an unproved or dogmatic statement.

In English law, a dictum is any statement made as part of a judgment of a court. Thus the term includes dicta stated incidentally, in passing (obiter dicta), that are not a necessary part of the rationale for the court's decision (referred to as the ratio decidendi). English lawyers do not, as a rule, categorise dicta more finely than into those that are obiter and those that are not.

Other

In general usage, a dictum is any authoritative or dogmatic statement.

References

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English Journal

• Who is the mother? Negotiating identity in an Irish surrogacy case.

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• An Irish surrogacy case from 2013 illustrates how negotiations of the mother's identity in a given national and legal context are drawing on novel scientific perspectives, at a time when the use of new biotechnological possibilities (such as IVF) is becoming more widespread and commonplace. The Roma
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• Selection detects mutants but does not cause mutations. Contrary to this dictum, Cairns and Foster plated a leaky lac mutant of Escherichia coli on lactose medium and saw revertant (Lac(+)) colonies accumulate with time above a nongrowing lawn. This result suggested that bacteria might mutagenize th
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• Campbell's Law: implications for health care.

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Japanese Journal

• Occam's Razor or Hickam's Dictum: A Paraneoplastic or Coincidental Occurrence of Lung Cancer and Guillain-Barré Syndrome

• Watanuki Satoshi,Kinoshita Kensuke,Oda Akiko,Kobayashi Hiroyuki,Satoh Hiroaki,Tokuda Yasuharu
• Internal Medicine 53(14), 1569-1573, 2014
• A 67-year-old man was admitted due to weakness, coughing, shortness of breath and fever. He had decreased breath sounds in the left lung and muscle weakness in the lower and upper extremities. Chest i …
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• 神経学に魅せられて : 若い世代への期待

• 木村 淳
• 臨床神経学 48(11), 792-797, 2008-11-01
• 日本神経学会は1960年に設立されましたが，当時神経学を学べる施設は，東大，新潟大，九大などに限られていました．僕は，のちに京大総長を務められた平沢興先生の錐体外路系に関する解剖講義に憧れてこの道を志し，インターン修了後すぐ渡米しましたが，1）神経系が人体のもっとも重要な，人間が人間たるゆえんである脳の機能を主要な対象としていること，2）複雑難解にもかかわらず理路整然とした学問で，解剖学の知識に基 …
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• ナショナリズム研究における構築主義:ベネディクト・アンダーソンの知と死

• 新倉 貴仁
• 社会学評論 59(3), 583-599, 2008
• 本稿は，ナショナリズム研究において提起されている構築主義的アプローチの批判的検討を通じ，その射程を描き出すことをめざすものである．近年，ナショナリズム研究において，従来の近代主義と歴史主義の相克を乗り越える為に，構築主義的アプローチが提起されている．これは，国民国家批判に代表されるような政治的構築主義としてではなく，方法論的構築主義の立場から再検討される必要がある．この企図のため，本稿はベネディク …
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• Dictum | Definition of dictum by Merriam-Webster

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