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- 王冠 / (東方諸国の王が頭に巻いた)王冠型髪飾り
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/11 21:50:48」(JST)
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For other uses, see Diadem (disambiguation).
A diadem is type of crown, specifically an ornamental headband worn by Eastern monarchs and others as a badge of royalty. The word derives from the Greek διάδημα diádēma, "band" or "fillet",[1] from διαδέω diadéō, "I bind round", or "I fasten".[2]
The term originally referred to the embroidered white silk ribbon, ending in a knot and two fringed strips often draped over the shoulders, that surrounded the head of the king to denote his authority. Such ribbons were also used to crown victorious athletes in important sports games in antiquity. It was later applied to a metal crown, generally in a circular or "fillet" shape. For example, the crown worn by the kings of Anglo-Saxon England was a diadem, as was that of a baron later (in some countries surmounted by three globes). The ancient Celts were believed to have used a thin, semioval gold plate called a mind (Old Irish) as a diadem.[3] Some of the earliest examples of these types of crowns can be found in ancient Egypt, from the simple fabric type to the more elaborate metallic type, and in the Aegean world.[4]
A diadem is also a jewelled ornament in the shape of a half crown, worn by women and placed over the forehead (in this sense, also called tiara). In some societies, it may be a wreath worn around the head. The ancient Persians wore a high and erect royal tiara encircled with a diadem. Hera, queen of the Greek gods, wore a golden crown called the diadem.
By extension, "diadem" can be used generally for an emblem of regal power or dignity. The head regalia worn by Roman Emperors, from the time of Diocletian onwards, is described as a diadem in the original sources. It was this object that the Foederatus general Odoacer returned to Emperor Zeno (the Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire) after his expulsion of the usurper Romulus Augustus from Rome in 476 CE.
Contents
- 1 Gallery
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Gallery
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The diadem or crown of Princess Sit-Hathor Yunet from her tomb. 12th Dynasty Egypt 19th century BC.
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17th Dynasty diadem crown ancient Egypt (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden)
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19th Dynasty wig with diadem (British Museum)
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Elliptical diadem from Mycenae, Greece (16th century BC)
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Diodotus of Bactria wearing the diadema, a white ribbon which was the Hellenistic symbol of kingship
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The centerpiece of this Hellenistic diadem is a Herakles knot, known for its apotropaic powers and its status as a symbol of fertility. Walters Art Museum, ca. 3rd - 2nd century BCE.
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Gold diadem. Greek, probably made in Alexandria, Egypt, and belonging to a noblewoman of the Ptolemaic dynasty (220–100 BC): the clasp is shaped as a Herakles knot
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Greco-Roman bust of a woman wearing a diadem (100 BC-100 AD)
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Imperial diadem as worn by Christian Roman emperors from the 4th century onward
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Bracelet made from a diadem with the addition of two foliate elements (c. 1870, Walters Art Museum)
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Ardashir I of Sassanian Persia wearing very elaborate diadems
See also
References
- ^ διάδημα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ διαδέω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ William Dwight Whitney, The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language. New York: The Century co. (1889), page 3,772. Google Book Search.
- ^ Revello, Manuela, “The first aegean jewellery (4500-1800 B.C.): a new attempt at gold and silver diadems classification”, in Archaeometallurgy in Europe, International Conference Proceedings, Milan 24-25–26 September 2003, II, 657- 664
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diadems. |
- Diadem. Livius. Articles on Ancient History.
- diadem Everything2.com.
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Types of crowns
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| By rank |
- Papal
- Imperial
- Royal
- Consort
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| By use |
- Coronation
- Heraldic
- State
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| By form |
- Astral
- Camp
- Circlet
- Coronet
- Diadem
- Eastern
- Golden hat
- Hoop
- Mural
- Naval
- Tiara
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English Journal
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- Khan MA1, Raja S1, Ibrahim MS1, Hammersely C2.
- Primary health care research & development.Prim Health Care Res Dev.2014 Oct;15(4):355-61. doi: 10.1017/S1463423613000534. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
- AIM: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a major predisposing risk factor for stroke. Current UK guidelines propose stroke-risk stratification of AF patients. Anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended for high risk patients, whereas treatment with aspirin
- PMID 24451067
- A stochastic model for automatic extraction of 3D neuronal morphology.
- Basu S1, Kulikova M2, Zhizhina E3, Ooi WT1, Racoceanu D2.
- Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention.Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv.2013;16(Pt 1):396-403.
- Tubular structures are frequently encountered in bio-medical images. The center-lines of these tubules provide an accurate representation of the topology of the structures. We introduce a stochastic Marked Point Process framework for fully automatic extraction of tubular structures requiring no user
- PMID 24505691
- Rapid reconstruction of 3D neuronal morphology from light microscopy images with augmented rayburst sampling.
- Ming X, Li A, Wu J, Yan C, Ding W, Gong H, Zeng S, Liu Q.
- PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Dec 31;8(12):e84557. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084557. eCollection 2013.
- Digital reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal morphology from light microscopy images provides a powerful technique for analysis of neural circuits. It is time-consuming to manually perform this process. Thus, efficient computer-assisted approaches are preferable. In this paper, we prese
- PMID 24391966
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