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《米》(特に若い女性の人中での)態度,ふるまい(behavior) / 《英》(特に若い女性の)立ち姿,歩く姿

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/05 21:17:20」(JST)

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Behavior or behaviour (see spelling differences) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment. It is the response of the system or organism to various stimuli or inputs, us]] or subconscious, overt or covert, and voluntary or involuntary.^[1]

Biology

Although there is some disagreement as to how to precisely define behavior in a biological context, one common interpretation based on a meta-analysis of scientific literature states that "behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli"^[2]

Behaviors can be either innate or learned.

Behavior can be regarded as any action of an organism that changes its relationship to its environment. Behavior provides outputs from the organism to the environment.^[3]

Human

Human behavior is believed to be influenced by the endocrine system and the nervous system. It is most commonly believed that complexity in the behavior of an organism is correlated to the complexity of its nervous system. Generally, organisms with more complex nervous systems have a greater capacity to learn new responses and thus adjust their behavior.^{[citation needed]}

Other fields

Behavior outside of psychology includes physical property and chemical reactions.

Earth sciences

In environmental modeling and especially in hydrology, a "behavioral model" means a model that is acceptably consistent with observed natural processes, i.e., that simulates well, for example, observed river discharge. It is a key concept of the so-called Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology to quantify how uncertain environmental predictions are.

Management

In management, behaviors are associated with desired or undesired focuses. Managers generally note what the desired outcome is, but behavioral patterns can take over. These patterns are the reference to how often the desired behavior actually occurs. Before a behavior actually occurs, antecedents focus on the stimuli that influence the behavior that is about to happen. After the behavior occurs, consequences fall into place. They can come in the form of rewards or punishments.

References

^ Elizabeth A. Minton, Lynn R. Khale (2014). Belief Systems, Religion, and Behavioral Economics. New York: Business Expert Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-60649-704-3.
^ Levitis, Daniel; William Z. Lidicker, Jr; Glenn Freund (June 2009). "Behavioural biologists do not agree on what constitutes behaviour" (PDF). Animal Behaviour 78: 103–10. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.03.018.
^ Dusenbery, David B. (2009). Living at Micro Scale, p. 124. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. ISBN 978-0-674-03116-6.

External links

Links to review articles by Eric Turkheimer and co-authors on behavior research

English Journal

Litigation and legislation. Deliberations on duty and deportment.

Jerrold L1.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2015 Apr;147(4 Suppl):S133-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.02.003.
PMID 25836344

Longitudinal analysis of 2293 NSCLC patients: a comprehensive study from the TYROL registry.

Kocher F1, Hilbe W2, Seeber A3, Pircher A4, Schmid T5, Greil R6, Auberger J6, Nevinny-Stickel M7, Sterlacci W8, Tzankov A9, Jamnig H10, Kohler K10, Zabernigg A11, Frötscher J12, Oberaigner W13, Fiegl M4.
Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Lung Cancer.2015 Feb;87(2):193-200. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.12.006. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe a large consecutive cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated in daily routine within the last 25 years. An extensive list of general baseline characteristics (comorbidities, laboratory values, symptoms, performance state), NSCL
PMID 25564398

[Research progress of targeted therapy in non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases].

Jiang T1, Zhou C1.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer.Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi.2014 Nov;17(11):824-8. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.11.09.
in

English, Chinese肺癌最常见的远处转移部位之一是脑部，肺癌脑转移的发生率为20%-65%，是脑转移性肿瘤中最常见的类型，同时也是肺癌死亡率高居不下的原因之一。分子靶向治疗已成为肺癌治疗的重要手段，分子靶向药物也成

PMID 25404274

Japanese Journal

明治前期における日常的訓育評価 : 学制期の「日課表」の実践

地域教育学研究 6(1), 33-43, 2014-03-01
NAID 120005442146

早期診断が難しかった子宮頸部上皮内癌を伴った頸部浸潤性腺癌の1例

日本臨床細胞学会雑誌 52(6), 562-567, 2013-11-22
NAID 10031203531

Translucent Three-Dimensional CT is Useful in Considering the Treatment Strategy for the Penetrating Skull Base Injury With a Metal Rod : Case Report

Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 53(9), 613-615, 2013-09-15
NAID 10031186058

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