WordNet

absence or loss of pigmentation (or less than normal pigmentation) in the skin or hair
unusual lack of skin color

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/09 15:14:24」(JST)

wiki en

Depigmentation is the lightening of the skin, or loss of pigment. Depigmentation of the skin can be caused by a number of local and systemic conditions. The pigment loss can be partial (injury to the skin) or complete (caused by vitiligo). It can be temporary (from tinea versicolor) or permanent (from albinism).^[1]

Most commonly, depigmentation of the skin is linked to people born with vitiligo,which produces differing areas of light and dark skin. These individuals, if they so decided to use a lightening process to even out their skin tone, could apply a topical cream containing the organic compound monobenzone to lessen the remaining pigment. The brand drug incorporating 20% monobenzone is Benoquin, made by ICN.

Increasingly, people who are not afflicted with the vitiligo experiment with lower concentrations of monobenzone creams in the hope of lightening their skin tone evenly. An alternate method of lightening is to use the chemical mequinol over an extended period of time. Both monobenzone and mequinol produce dramatic skin whitening, but react very differently. Mequinol leaves the skin looking extremely pale. However, tanning is still possible. It is important to notice that the skin will not go back to its original color after the none treatment of mequinol. Mequinol should not be used by people that are allergic to any ingredient in mequinol, if you are pregnant, if you have eczema, irritated or inflamed skin, an increased number of white blood cells or if you are sensitive to sunlight or must be outside for prolonged periods of time.^[2] Mequinol is used in Europe in concentrations ranging from 2-20% and is approved in many countries for the treatment of solar lentigines.^[3] Monobenzone applied topically completely removes pigment in the long term and vigorous sun-safety must to be adhered to for life to avoid severe sun burn and melanomas. People using monobenzone without previously having vitiligo do so because standard products containing hydroquinone or other lightening agents are not effective for their skin and due to price and active ingredient strength. However, monobenzone is not recommended for skin conditions other than vitiligo.

For stubborn pigmented lesions the Q-switched ruby laser, cryotherapy or TCA peels can be used to ensure the skin remains pigment-free.

References

^ http://www.medicinenet.com/depigmentation_of_skin/symptoms.htm
^ http://www.drugs.com/cdi/mequinol-tretinoin.html
^ http://www.skinwhiteningscience.com/top_skin_whitening_agents_top_20_mequinol.html

This dermatology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 尋常性白斑 vitiligo
2. 斑状の皮膚病変を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with macular skin lesions
3. 肝斑 melasma
4. The dyschromatoses
5. 小児における関節穿刺または注射：適応、手技、および合併症 joint aspiration or injection in children indications technique and complications

English Journal

Inhibitory effects of Na7PMo11CuO40 on mushroom tyrosinase and melanin formation and its antimicrobial activities.

Xing R1, Wang F2, Dong L3, Zheng AP1, Wang L4, Su WJ1, Lin T3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):205-11. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.119. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
Keggin-type Cu-substituted phosphomolybdic acid (Na7PMo11CuO40, abbreviated as PMo11Cu) was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitory effects of PMo11Cu on mushroom tyrosinase and melanin formation in B16 melanoma cells were studied. The results showed that PMo11Cu could strongly inhibit the act
PMID 26616942

Development of hydroxylated naphthylchalcones as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, biochemistry and molecular docking studies.

Radhakrishnan S1, Shimmon R2, Conn C2, Baker A2.
Bioorganic chemistry.Bioorg Chem.2015 Dec;63:116-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Polyphenol oxidase (Tyrosinase) has received great attention, since it is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. In this study, novel hydroxy naphthylchalcone compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity were evaluated. The structures of the compounds syn
PMID 26496408

Inhibitory kinetics of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one chalcone-like derivatives on mushroom tyrosinase.

Radhakrishnan S1, Shimmon R2, Conn C2, Baker A2.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Dec 1;25(23):5495-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.071. Epub 2015 Oct 24.
In this study, novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one chalcone-like compounds and their hydroxyl derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity were evaluated. Two of the compounds synthesized inhibited the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase in a dose dependent
PMID 26526213

Japanese Journal

症例報告ロドデノール含有化粧品による脱色素斑の1例

田中諒,齋藤京
臨床皮膚科 = Japanese journal of clinical dermatology 69(7), 485-489, 2015-06
NAID 40020490091

症例トリアムシノロンアセトニドのガングリオン内注入後に皮下脂肪織萎縮と脱色素を生じた1例

上野一樹,村上英毅,大守誠 [他]
形成外科 58(6), 695-699, 2015-06
NAID 40020490083

植皮部に局所再発した外陰部Paget病の1例

松三友子,山崎修,瀧口徹也,山口麻里,加持達弥,大塚正樹,岩月啓氏,浅越健治
Skin Cancer 29(3), 318-322, 2015
66歳，女性。約1年前に肛囲に瘙痒と疼痛を伴う紅斑が出現し，徐々に拡大した。初診時，外陰部から肛門周囲に紅斑，色素脱失斑あり。リンパ節腫脹や隣接臓器に病変はなく，遠隔転移はなし。皮膚生検にて乳房外Paget病と診断した。2000年，広範切除術，分層植皮術を施行した。真皮内への浸潤はなし。外側の一部と肛門側断端は陽性だったが，追加手術は拒否された。2004年，前回の植皮部に再発病変が確認され，拡大切 …
NAID 130005067557