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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/09 11:20:36」(JST)

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Molecular structure of 2',3-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate (ddATP)

Dideoxynucleotides are chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase, used in the Sanger method for DNA sequencing. They are also known as 2',3' dideoxynucleotides, and abbreviated as ddNTPs (ddGTP, ddATP, ddTTP and ddCTP).

The absence of the 3'-hydroxyl group means that, after being added by a DNA polymerase to a growing nucleotide chain, no further nucleotides can be added as no phosphodiester bond can be created based on the fact that deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (which are the building blocks of DNA) allow DNA chain synthesis to occur through a condensation reaction between the 5' phosphate (following the cleavage of pyrophospate) of the current nucleotide with the 3' hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide. The dideoxyribonucleotides do not have a 3' hydroxyl group, hence no further chain elongation can occur once this dideoxynucleotide is on the chain. This can lead to the termination of the DNA sequence. Thus, these molecules form the basis of the dideoxy chain-termination method of DNA sequencing, which was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977.^[1]

Dideoxynucleotides are useful in the sequencing of DNA in combination with electrophoresis. A DNA sample that undergoes PCR (polymerase chain reaction) in a mixture containing all four deoxynucleotides and one dideoxynucleotide will produce strands of length equal to the position of each base of the type that complements the type having a dideoxynucleotide present. That is, each nucleotide base of that particular type has a probability of being bonded to not a deoxynucleotide but rather a dideoxynucleotide, which ends chain elongation. Thus, if the sample then undergoes electrophoresis, there will be a band present for each length at which the complement of the dideoxynucleotide is present. It is now common to use fluorescent dideoxynucleotides such that each one of the four has a different fluorescence that can be detected by a sequencer; thus only one reaction is needed.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 74(12):5463-7, 1977.

English Journal

Coupling an universal primer to SBE combined spectral codification strategy for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

Cordeiro M1, Giestas L, Lima JC, Baptista P.
Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2013 Oct 10;168(1):90-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Aug 11.
We previously reported a strategy that combines Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based spectral codification with a single base extension (SBE) reaction for single nucleotide sequence discrimination in solution. This strategy is capable of unequivocally detect the allele variants present in
PMID 23942375

Association between IL28B polymorphisms and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus infection.

Kim SU1, Song KJ, Chang HY, Shin EC, Park JY, Kim do Y, Han KH, Chon CY, Ahn SH.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Jul 17;8(7):e69166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069166. Print 2013.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interleukin 28B gene (IL28B; interferon [IFN]-λ-3) are associated with outcomes of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection treated with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) alpha-based antiviral therapy. In this study
PMID 23874902

Genetic variability of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 gene in aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria.

Palikhe NS1, Sin HJ, Kim SH, Sin HJ, Hwang EK, Ye YM, Park HS.
Journal of human genetics.J Hum Genet.2012 Aug;57(8):494-9. doi: 10.1038/jhg.2012.55. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 (PTGER4) is one of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Overproduction of cysteinyl leukotriene in mast cells may be related with suppression of PGE2 in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity. Considering the association of PTGER4 in mast
PMID 22695889

Japanese Journal

Scanning Mutagenesis Using T4 DNA Ligase and Short Degenerate DNA Oligonucleotides Containing Tri-nucleotide Mismatches.

Cherepanov Alexei V.,Vries Simon de
The Journal of Biochemistry 132(1), 143-147, 2002
… Mismatching oligonucleotides, protected by a 3'-phosphate group, were joined to a nested set of megaprimers, the latter being obtained by a novel procedure called reversible chain termination, i.e., termination of the dsDNA synthesis with ddNTP followed by the subsequent removal of the incorporated ddNMP with exonuclease III. …
NAID 130003418018