darkening

　

WordNet

1. becoming dark or darker as from waning light or clouding over; "the darkening sky"

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/15 21:39:43」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Darkening may refer to:

• Darkening (ophthalmology), vision loss or weakness that occurs without an apparent lesion affecting the eye
• Darkening of Valinor, the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor in in the fictional universe of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
• Gravity darkening, an astronomical phenomenon
• Hydrogen darkening, a physical degradation of the optical properties of glass
• Limb darkening, the diminishing of intensity in the image of a star as one moves from the center to the edge

See also

• Dark (disambiguation)
• Darken (disambiguation)
• Darker (disambiguation)
• Darkness (disambiguation)
• Lighting

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 色素沈着過剰を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with hyperpigmentation disorders
• 2. 皮膚疾患診断へのアプローチ approach to dermatologic diagnosis
• 3. 成人における副腎不全の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency in adults
• 4. 起立性低血圧のメカニズム、原因、および評価 mechanisms causes and evaluation of orthostatic hypotension
• 5. UVA1療法 uva1 phototherapy

English Journal

• Optical measurements to determine the thickness of calcite crystals and the mass of thin carbonate particles such as coccoliths.

• Beaufort L, Barbarin N, Gally Y.Author information Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) UM34, Aix-en-Provence, France.AbstractWe describe a procedure for measuring the thickness and mass of calcite particles that works for most calcite particles <4.5-μm thick. The calcite particles are observed in cross-polarized light, which enables the light transmitted through the calcite particles to be correlated with their thickness. Three polarizing planes are used to minimize the darkening of crystals at some orientations (black cross). This allows direct measurement of the thickness without recourse to a transfer function. This procedure has been used recently to determine the degree of calcification of coccoliths, which provides an indicator of ocean acidification. It takes only a few minutes per sample, and it is an improvement over the former protocol, which did not allow measurement of the thickness and mass of particles thicker than 1.5 μm.
• Nature protocols.Nat Protoc.2014 Mar;9(3):633-42. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2014.028. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
• We describe a procedure for measuring the thickness and mass of calcite particles that works for most calcite particles <4.5-μm thick. The calcite particles are observed in cross-polarized light, which enables the light transmitted through the calcite particles to be correlated with their thickn
• PMID 24556786

• Impacts of light and temperature on shoot branching gradient and expression of strigolactone synthesis and signalling genes in rose.

• Djennane S1, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Kawamura K, Lalanne D, Laffaire M, Thouroude T, Chalain S, Sakr S, Boumaza R, Foucher F, Leduc N.Author information 1Université d'Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, F-49045, Angers, France; INRA, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France.AbstractLight and temperature are two environmental factors that deeply affect bud outgrowth. However, little is known about their impact on the bud burst gradient along a stem and their interactions with the molecular mechanisms of bud burst control. We investigated this question in two acrotonic rose cultivars. We demonstrated that the darkening of distal buds or exposure to cold (5 °C) prior to transfer to mild temperatures (20 °C) both repress acrotony, allowing the burst of quiescent medial and proximal buds. We sequenced the strigolactone pathway MAX-homologous genes in rose and studied their expression in buds and internodes along the stem. Only expressions of RwMAX1, RwMAX2 and RwMAX4 were detected. Darkening of the distal part of the shoot triggered a strong increase of RwMAX2 expression in darkened buds and bark-phloem samples, whereas it suppressed the acropetal gradient of the expression of RwMAX1 observed in stems fully exposed to light. Cold treatment induced an acropetal gradient of expression of RwMAX1 in internodes and of RwMAX2 in buds along the stem. Our results suggest that the bud burst gradient along the stem cannot be explained by a gradient of expression of RwMAX genes but rather by their local level of expression at each individual position.
• Plant, cell & environment.Plant Cell Environ.2014 Mar;37(3):742-57. doi: 10.1111/pce.12191. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
• Light and temperature are two environmental factors that deeply affect bud outgrowth. However, little is known about their impact on the bud burst gradient along a stem and their interactions with the molecular mechanisms of bud burst control. We investigated this question in two acrotonic rose cult
• PMID 23992149

• Identification of agronomically important QTL in tetraploid potato cultivars using a marker-trait association analysis.

• D'hoop BB1, Keizer PL, Paulo MJ, Visser RG, van Eeuwijk FA, van Eck HJ.Author information 1Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.AbstractKEY MESSAGE: Nineteen tuber quality traits in potato were phenotyped in 205 cultivars and 299 breeder clones. Association analysis using 3364 AFLP loci and 653 SSR-alleles identified QTL for these traits. Two association mapping panels were analysed for marker-trait associations to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL). The first panel comprised 205 historical and contemporary tetraploid potato cultivars that were phenotyped in field trials at two locations with two replicates (the academic panel). The second panel consisted of 299 potato cultivars and included recent breeds obtained from five Dutch potato breeding companies and reference cultivars (the industrial panel). Phenotypic data for the second panel were collected during subsequent clonal selection generations at the individual breeding companies. QTL were identified for 19 agro-morphological and quality traits. Two association mapping models were used: a baseline model without, and a more advanced model with correction for population structure and genetic relatedness. Correction for population structure and genetic relatedness was performed with a kinship matrix estimated from marker information. The detected QTL partly not only confirmed previous studies, e.g. for tuber shape and frying colour, but also new QTL were found like for after baking darkening and enzymatic browning. Pleiotropic effects could be discerned for several QTL.
• TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik.Theor Appl Genet.2014 Mar;127(3):731-48. doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2254-y. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
• KEY MESSAGE: Nineteen tuber quality traits in potato were phenotyped in 205 cultivars and 299 breeder clones. Association analysis using 3364 AFLP loci and 653 SSR-alleles identified QTL for these traits. Two association mapping panels were analysed for marker-trait associations to identify quantita
• PMID 24408376

Japanese Journal

• タンザニア連合共和国滞在中に感染したスナノミ症の1例

• 山本 紗規子,吉田 哲也,齊藤 優子 [他],佐々木 優,矢野 優美子,小林 正規,佐藤 友隆
• 日本臨床皮膚科医会雑誌 32(2), 193-197, 2015
• 　スナノミ症はTunga penetransと呼ばれるスナノミが感染して生じる寄生虫性皮膚疾患である．スナノミはアフリカ，南米，西インド諸島を含む熱帯，亜熱帯の乾燥した砂地に生息する．雌の成虫が宿主の皮膚に侵入し"ネオゾーム"と呼ばれる腫大した構造を呈し，これがスナノミ症を引き起こす．スナノミ症の好発部位は足の爪周囲や趾間であり，症状は刺激感や瘙痒，疼痛を生じることが多い．治療はノミの除去である． …
• NAID 130005095398

• Development of a novel pink-eyed dilution mouse model showing progressive darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging

• ISHIKAWA Akira,SUGIYAMA Makoto,HONDO Eiichi [他],KINOSHITA Keiji,YAMAGISHI Yuki
• Experimental Animals 64(2), 207-220, 2015
• … During breeding of a mixed strain carrying this gene on the C57BL/6J background, we discovered a novel spontaneous mutation that causes darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging. … The novel spontaneous mutant mouse is the first example of progressive hair darkening animals and is an essential animal model for understanding of the regulation mechanisms of melanin biosynthesis with aging. …
• NAID 130005069866

• Development of a novel pink-eyed dilution mouse model showing progressive darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging

• ISHIKAWA Akira,SUGIYAMA Makoto,HONDO Eiichi,KINOSHITA Keiji,YAMAGISHI Yuki
• Experimental Animals advpub(0), 2015
• … During breeding of a mixed strain carrying this gene on the C57BL/6J background, we discovered a novel spontaneous mutation that causes darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging. … The novel spontaneous mutant mouse is the first example of progressive hair darkening animals and is an essential animal model for understanding of the regulation mechanisms of melanin biosynthesis with aging. …
• NAID 130004921819

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• Darkening - definition of darkening by The Free Dictionary

For, while the physical outline and substance were darkening away from the beholder's eye, the bold, hard, and, at the same time, indirect character of the man seemed to be brought out in a kind of spiritual relief.

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PurposeMore concentrated an option than anything else in their range for grey hair; Morgan’s Hair Darkening Serum is the quickest and healthiest way of getting a more youthful tone without dyes. An innovative formulation tackles ...

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