cystoid

• 胞状の

関

hydatidiform

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/13 22:37:48」(JST)

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Cystoids Temporal range: Middle Ordovician–Devonian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
"Cystoidea" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Subphylum:	Blastozoa
Class:	Cystoidea

The Middle Ordovician cystoid Echinosphaerites aurantium (Estonia). The test is encrusted by a graptolite (black branches).

The Cystoidea or cystoids, are extinct echinoderms that lived attached to the sea floor by stalks, and are distinguished from other echinoderms by triangular pore openings.

Superficially, the cystoids resembled crinoids, but they had an ovoid, rather than cup-shaped, body. The mouth was at the upper pole of the body, with the opposite end attached to the substratum, often by a stalk, although some stalkless species did exist. The anus lay on the side of the body. Five, or less commonly three, ambulacral areas ran along the outside of the body, radiating outwards from the mouth. A number of small tentacles either surrounded the mouth, or projected outwards in a row from the ambulacral areas, depending on species.

The most distinctive feature of cystoids was the presence of a number of pores in the rigid skeleton encasing the body. These were most likely respiratory in nature, allowing fluid to flow in or out of the body. In some species, the pores were clustered in distinct regions, but in others they were distributed quite widely over the body surface.

References

Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 1008–1009. ISBN 0-03-056747-5. 

Clarkson, E.N.K. (1998). Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. p. 262. ISBN 0-632-05238-4. 

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English Journal

• Complications of intravitreal ocriplasmin for vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a prospective spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study.

• Chatziralli IP1, Theodossiadis GP2, Parikakis E1, Datseris I3, Theodossiadis P4.
• Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2016 Dec;35(4):263-9. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1096941. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of intravitreal ocriplasmin prospectively, reporting potential complications in patients with vitreomacular traction (VMT) alone or associated with macular hole (MH).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants in this prospective, multicenter s
• PMID 26555379

• Impact of allergy and atopy on the risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

• Schaub F1, Adler W2, Koenig MC3, Enders P3, Grajewski RS3, Cursiefen C3, Heindl LM3.
• Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2016 Dec;254(12):2417-2423. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
• PURPOSE: To assess the risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery in patients with allergies and/or atopic disorders.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of 3,850 consecutive eyes that underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed for prevalence of aller
• PMID 27553052

• Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary to vancomycin-resistant Ochrobactrum anthropi: case report and literature review.

• Kanjee R1, Koreishi AF2, Tanna AP2, Goldstein DA3.
• Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection.J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect.2016 Dec;6(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12348-016-0094-z. Epub 2016 Jul 15.
• BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report an unusual case of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, secondary to Ochrobactrum anthropi that was found to be resistant to vancomycin.FINDINGS: Anterior chamber paracentesis cultures grew gram negative bacilli Ochrobactru
• PMID 27421273

Japanese Journal

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• 臨床眼科 69(3), 333-339, 2015-03
• NAID 40020395711

• パクリタキセルによる囊胞様黄斑浮腫に対し炭酸脱水酵素阻害薬治療を行った1例

• 高橋 淳一,門 正則,水本 桂子 [他]
• 眼科臨床紀要 8(4), 209-214, 2015
• NAID 40020442870

• 硝子体手術後にプロスタグランジン誘導体眼圧下降剤点眼により生じたと考えられる嚢胞様黄斑浮腫の2例

• 勝本 武志,藤原 悦子
• 眼科臨床紀要 8(1), 24-27, 2015
• NAID 40020322132

Related Links

• Macular edema - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cystoid macular edema (CME) involves fluid accumulation in the outer plexiform layer secondary to abnormal perifoveal retinal capilary permeability. The edema is termed "cystoid" as it appears cystic; however, lacking an epithelial coating, ...

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