WordNet

terminate debate by calling for a vote; "debate was closured"; "cloture the discussion" (同)cloture
termination of operations; "they regretted the closure of the day care center" (同)closedown, closing, shutdown
a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body (同)cloture, gag rule, gag_law
a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric (同)law of closure

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉閉鎖;閉店,休業 / 〈U〉終止,終局 / 〈C〉《英》=cloture

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/23 01:54:22」(JST)

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In chemistry, a cyclic compound is a compound in which a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring.^[1] While the vast majority of cyclic compounds are organic, a few inorganic substances form cyclic compounds as well, including sulfur, silanes, phosphanes, phosphoric acid, and triboric acid. Cyclic compounds may or may not be aromatic. Benzene is aromatic while cyclohexane is not. The term "polycyclic" is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene, and the term macrocycle is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms.

Cycloheptane, a non-aromatic cyclic compound.
Benzene, a cyclic compound.
Naphthalene, a polycyclic compound.
Porphyrin, a macrocyclic compound.
Pentazole, an inorganic cyclic compound.

Alicyclic compounds are named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature by attaching the prefix cyclo- to the name of the corresponding open chain hydrocarbon possessing the same number of carbon atoms. The common names resemble the IUPAC names. For example: Cyclo pentane, cyclo butane etc....

Ring-closing & opening reactions

Dieckmann ring-closing reaction

Related concepts in organic chemistry are so-called ring-closing reactions in which a cyclic compound is formed and ring-opening reactions in which rings are opened.

Examples of ring-closing reactions:

Ring-closing metathesis
Nazarov cyclization reaction
Ruzicka large ring synthesis
Dieckmann condensation
Wenker synthesis
Radical cyclization

Example of ring-opening reactions:

A general type of polymerization reaction: Ring-opening polymerization
Ring opening metathesis polymerisation

External links

Polycyclic Compounds at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Macrocyclic Compounds at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

References

^ March, Jerry (1985), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.), New York: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-85472-7

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English Journal

Site-specific in situ growth of a cyclized protein-polymer conjugate with improved stability and tumor retention.

Hu J1, Zhao W1, Gao Y2, Sun M1, Wei Y3, Deng H2, Gao W4.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2015 Apr;47:13-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.002. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
A major disadvantage of therapeutic proteins is their instability to external stressors during storage, transport and use. Here, we report site-specific in situ growth of a cyclized protein-polymer conjugate with improved in vitro and in vivo stability. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) was genetic
PMID 25682156

RP-HPLC analysis and in vitro identification of antimycobacterial activity of novel thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives.

Flieger J1, Tatarczak-Michalewska M2, Wujec M3, Pitucha M3, Świeboda R4.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2015 Mar 25;107:501-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.032. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
It has been widely recognized that chromatography can be applied to derive parameters useful for anticipation of the pharmacological properties of xenobiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of C18 stationary phase in chromatographic experiments as to assess antimycobacterial acti
PMID 25700183

Selective syntheses of leuconolam, leuconoxine, and mersicarpine alkaloids from a common intermediate through regiocontrolled cyclizations by Staudinger reactions†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and procedures, compound characterization data, copies of 1H and 13C NMR spectra for new compounds. See DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00312hClick here for additional data file.

Li Z1, Geng Q1, Lv Z1, Pritchett BP2, Baba K2, Numajiri Y2, Stoltz BM2, Liang G1.
Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry / Royal Society of Chemistry.Org Chem Front.2015 Mar 17;2(3):236-240. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
Selective syntheses of leuconolam, leuconoxine, and mersicarpine alkaloids bearing distinctive core structures were achieved through Staudinger reactions using a common intermediate. In the key cyclization step, water functioned like a switch to control which core structure to produce. The chemistry
PMID 25717379

Japanese Journal

A strategy for sequence control in vinyl polymers via iterative controlled radical cyclization.

Nature communications 7, 2016-03-21
NAID 120005743638

CATALYTIC CYCLIZATION OF 2,3-DIBROMOPROPIONATES WITH BENZYL AZIDES TO AFFORD 1-BENZYL-1,2,3-TRIAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLATE : THE USE OF A NONTOXIC BISMUTH CATALYST

Heterocycles : an international journal for reviews and communications in heterocyclic chemistry 92(3), 423-430, 2016-03-01
NAID 40020766380