関: cyclization、cyclize、ring-forming

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/25 09:07:41」(JST)

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In chemistry, a cyclic compound is a compound in which a series of atoms is connected to form a loop or ring.^[1] While the vast majority of cyclic compounds are organic, a few inorganic substances form cyclic compounds as well, including sulfur, silanes, phosphanes, phosphoric acid, and triboric acid. Cyclic compounds may or may not be aromatic. Benzene is aromatic while cyclohexane is not. The term "polycyclic" is used when more than one ring is formed in a single molecule for instance in naphthalene, and the term macrocycle is used for a ring containing more than a dozen atoms.

Cycloheptane, a non-aromatic cyclic compound.
Benzene, a cyclic compound.
Naphthalene, a polycyclic compound.
Porphyrin, a macrocyclic compound.
Pentazole, an inorganic cyclic compound.

Alicyclic compounds are named according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature by attaching the prefix cyclo- to the name of the corresponding open chain hydrocarbon possessing the same number of carbon atoms. The common names resemble the IUPAC names. For example: Cyclo pentane, cyclo butane etc....

Ring-closing & opening reactions[edit]

Dieckmann ring-closing reaction

Related concepts in organic chemistry are so-called ring-closing reactions in which a cyclic compound is formed and ring-opening reactions in which rings are opened.

Examples of ring-closing reactions:

Ring-closing metathesis
Nazarov cyclization reaction
Ruzicka large ring synthesis
Dieckmann condensation
Wenker synthesis
Radical cyclization

Example of ring-opening reactions:

A general type of polymerization reaction: Ring-opening polymerization
Ring opening metathesis polymerisation

External links[edit]

Polycyclic Compounds at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Macrocyclic Compounds at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

References[edit]

^ March, Jerry (1985), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.), New York: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-85472-7

English Journal

Identification and optimisation of 4,5-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:3,4-d]bisthiazole and 4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]quinazoline series of selective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha inhibitors.

Fairhurst RA1, Gerspacher M2, Imbach-Weese P2, Mah R2, Caravatti G2, Furet P2, Fritsch C2, Schnell C2, Blanz J2, Blasco F2, Desrayaud S2, Guthy DA2, Knapp M2, Arz D2, Wirth J2, Roehn-Carnemolla E2, Luu VH2.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Sep 1;25(17):3575-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.067. Epub 2015 Jun 26.
A cyclisation within a 4',5-bisthiazole (S)-proline-amide-urea series of selective PI3Kα inhibitors led to a novel 4,5-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:3,4-d]bisthiazole tricyclic sub-series. The synthesis and optimisation of this 4,5-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:3,4-d]bisthiazole sub-series and the expansion to a related
PMID 26199119

Biocatalysts for the formation of three- to six-membered carbo- and heterocycles.

Lechner H1, Pressnitz D1, Kroutil W2.
Biotechnology advances.Biotechnol Adv.2015 Sep-Oct;33(5):457-80. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.012. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
During the last decade, the number of different types of enzymes applicable for organic synthesis as biocatalysts has significantly increased. Consequently, the spectrum of reactions has significantly expanded also for cyclisations. This review highlights heterologously expressable biocatalysts tran
PMID 25687278

Structure activity relationship study of burkholdine analogues toward simple antifungal agents.

Konno H1, Abumi K2, Sasaki Y2, Yano S2, Nosaka K3.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Aug 15;25(16):3199-202. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.088. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
Cyclic and linear lipopeptides, burkholdine analogues, were synthesized by conventional Fmoc-SPPS and cyclisation with DIPC/HOBt in the solution phase. Synthesized peptides were evaluated for antifungal activities with MIC values against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae. As a result,
PMID 26077490

Japanese Journal

ALKYNE-ACETAL CYCLISATION REACTIONS MEDIATED BY FORMIC ACID : 3-ACYLATED-2,5-DIHYDROFURANS AND RELATED OXYGEN AND NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES (Dedicated to Dr. Albert Padwa on his 75th birthday)

Cuthbertson James D.,Godfrey Andrew A.,Unsworth William P. [他]
Heterocycles 84(2), 1013-1021, 2012-01-01
NAID 40019137370

Xanthones in heterocyclic synthesis: an efficient route for the synthesis of C-3 o-hydroxyaryl substituted 1,2-benzisoxazoles and their N-oxides, potential scaffolds for angiotensin(2) antagonist hybrid peptides