Not to be confused with The Three Revolutions.
"Cybernation" redirects here. For entities that are not officially recognized by world governments, see Micronation.
"The Triple Revolution" was an open memorandum sent to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and other government figures on March 22, 1964. Drafted under the auspices of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, it was signed by an array of noted social activists, professors, and technologists who identified themselves as the Ad Hoc Committee on the Triple Revolution. The chief initiator of the proposal was W. H. "Ping" Ferry, at that time a vice-president of CSDI, basing it in large part on the ideas of the futurist Robert Theobald.[1]
Contents
- 1 Overview
- 2 Legacy
- 3 Signatories
- 4 See also
- 5 Bibliography
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Overview
The statement identified three revolutions underway in the world: the cybernation revolution of increasing automation; the weaponry revolution of mutually assured destruction; and the human rights revolution. It discussed primarily the cybernation revolution. The committee claimed that machines would usher in "a system of almost unlimited productive capacity" while continually reducing the number of manual laborers needed, and increasing the skill needed to work, thereby producing increasing levels of unemployment. It proposed that the government should ease this transformation through large-scale public works, low-cost housing, public transit, electrical power development, income redistribution, union representation for the unemployed, and government restraint on technology deployment.
Legacy
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s final Sunday sermon, "Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution," delivered days before his assassination, explicitly references the thesis of "The Triple Revolution":[2][3]
There can be no gainsaying of the fact that a great revolution is taking place in the world today. In a sense it is a triple revolution: that is, a technological revolution, with the impact of automation and cybernation; then there is a revolution in weaponry, with the emergence of atomic and nuclear weapons of warfare; then there is a human rights revolution, with the freedom explosion that is taking place all over the world. Yes, we do live in a period where changes are taking place. And there is still the voice crying through the vista of time saying, "Behold, I make all things new; former things are passed away."
— Martin Luther King, Jr., Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution
In Harlan Ellison's 1967 anthology Dangerous Visions, Philip José Farmer's story "Riders of the Purple Wage" uses the Triple Revolution document as the premise of a future society, in which the "purple wage" of the title is a guaranteed income dole on which most of the population lives. At the 1968 World Science Fiction Convention in San Francisco, Farmer delivered a lengthy Guest of Honor speech in which he called for the founding of a grassroots activist organization called REAP which would work for implementation of the Ad Hoc Committee's recommendations.
Looking back on the proposal at a later date, Daniel Bell wrote:
"the cybernetic revolution quickly proved to be illusory. There were no spectacular jumps in productivity. <...> Cybernation had proved to be one more instance of the penchant for overdramatizing a momentary innovation and blowing it up far out of proportion to its actuality. <...> The image of a completely automated production economy—with an endless capacity to turn out goods—was simply a social-science fiction of the early 1960s. Paradoxically, the vision of Utopia was suddenly replaced by the spectre of Doomsday. In place of the early-sixties theme of endless plenty, the picture by the end of the decade was one of a fragile planet of limited resources whose finite stocks were being rapidly depleted, and whose wastes from soaring industrial production were polluting the air and waters."[4]
Signatories
- Todd Gitlin
- Roger Hagan (journalist)
- Michael Harrington
- Tom Hayden
- Ralph L. Helstein (union leader)
- Frances W. Herring (professor of governmental studies)
- Gerard Piel
- Michael D. Reagan
- Ben B. Seligman
- Robert Theobald
- William Worthy
- Alice Mary Hilton (technologist)
- Maxwell Geismar (author)
- Philip Green (professor of political science)
- H. Stuart Hughes (professor of history)
- Linus Pauling
- John William Ward
- Hugh B. Hester
- Gerald W. Johnson (journalist)
- Irving F. Laucks (industrialist)
- Gunnar Myrdal (economist)
- A. J. Muste (activist)
- Louis Fein (computer consultant)
- Stewart Meacham (activist)
- Everett C. Hughes (professor of sociology)
- Robert Heilbroner
- Irving Howe
- Bayard Rustin
- Norman Thomas
- Dwight Macdonald
- Carl F. Stover (academic)
- Donald G. Agger (attorney)
- Donald B. Armstrong (physician)
- James Boggs
- W. H. Ferry (activist)
See also
- Norbert Wiener
- Cybernetics
- Technological unemployment
Bibliography
- Perrucci, Robert, and Pilisuk, Marc [editors], "The Triple Revolution: social problems in depth", Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1968.
References
- ^ Bell, Daniel. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (Basic Books, 2008), p.462n.
- ^ Ford, Martin (May 5, 2015). Rise of the Robots. Basic Books. pp. 29–30. ISBN 0465059996.
- ^ King, Jr., Martin Luther (March 31, 1968). "Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution". The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
- ^ Bell, Daniel. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society (Basic Books, 2008), p. 463.
External links
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Look up cybernation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Text of the Triple Revolution statement
