WordNet

a cellar or vault or underground burial chamber (especially beneath a church)
formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
utter a characteristic sound; "The cat was crying"
shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain; "She cried bitterly when she heard the news of his death"; "The girl in the wheelchair wept with frustration when she could not get up the stairs" (同)weep
bring into a particular state by crying; "The little boy cried himself to sleep"
a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition; "the speaker was interrupted by loud cries from the rear of the audience" (同)outcry, call, yell, shout, vociferation
a loud utterance of emotion (especially when inarticulate); "a cry of rage"; "a yell of pain" (同)yell
a fit of weeping; "had a good cry"
the characteristic utterance of an animal; "animal cries filled the night"
proclaim or announce in public; "before we had newspapers, a town crier would cry the news"; "He cried his merchandise in the market square" (同)blazon out
demand immediate action; "This situation is crying for attention"

PrepTutorEJDIC

地下室,(特に)教会堂の地下室(小礼拝室・納骨室に用いる)
(喜び・悲しみ・苦痛などで)『泣く』,涙を流す / 『叫ぶ』《+『out』》 / 〈鳥・獣が〉鳴く,ほえる / …‘と'『叫ぶ』,大声で言う / 〈ニュース〉'を'大声でふれ歩く;〈品物〉'を'呼び売りする / 『叫び[声];(鳥・獣の)鳴き声,ほえ声』 / 『声をあげて泣くこと』,泣き声 / (…に対する,反対する)要求,訴え《+『for』(『against』)+『名』》,(…する)要求《+『to』 do》 / 世論;スローガン,標語

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A crypt in Wola Gułowska, Lublin Province, Poland

A crypt (from the Latin crypta, from the Greek κρύπτη krýptē "hidden vault") is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics.

Originally, crypts were typically found below the main apse of a church, such as at the Abbey of Saint-Germain en Auxerre, but were later located beneath chancel, naves and transepts as well. Occasionally churches were raised high to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Germany.

Development

First known in the early Christian period, in particular North Africa at Chlef and Djemila in Algeria, and Byzantium at Saint John Studio in Constantinople. Where Christian churches have been built over mithraea, the mithraeum has often been adapted to serve as a crypt.

The famous crypt at Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, developed about the year 600, as a means of affording pilgrims a view of Saint Peter's tomb, which lay, according to the Roman fashion, directly below the high altar. The tomb was made accessible through an underground passageway beneath the sanctuary, where pilgrims could enter at one stair, pass by the tomb and exit, without interrupting the clerical community's service at the altar directly above.^[1]

Crypts were introduced into Frankish church building in the mid-8th century, as a feature of its Romanization. Their popularity then spread more widely in western Europe under Charlemagne. Examples from this period are most common in the early medieval West, for example in Burgundy at Dijon and Tournus.

After the 10th century the early medieval requirements of a crypt faded, as church officials permitted relics to be held in the main level of the church. By the Gothic period crypts were rarely built, however burial vaults continued to be constructed beneath churches and referred to as crypts.

Burial vaults

Early color photo of the family vault of the Swedish royal dynasty of Bernadotte.

In more modern terms, a crypt is most often a stone chambered burial vault used to store the deceased. Crypts are usually found in cemeteries and under public religious buildings, such as churches or cathedrals, but are also occasionally found beneath mausolea or chapels on personal estates. Wealthy or prestigious families will often have a 'family crypt' or 'vault' in which all members of the family are interred. Many royal families, for example, have vast crypts containing the bodies of dozens of former royals. In some localities an above ground crypt is more commonly called a mausoleum, which also refers to any elaborate building intended as a burial place, for one or any number of people.

There was a trend in the 19th century of building crypts on medium to large size family estates, usually subtly placed on the edge of the grounds or more commonly incorporated into the cellar. After a change of owner these are often blocked up and the house deeds will not allow this area to be re-developed.

Gallery

Crypt of Bayeux Cathedral, France (11th century)
Crypt of Bayeux Cathedral, France
Crypt Saint-Sernin Basilica Toulouse
Crypt of Worcester Cathedral
Inside the crypt of St Eusebius' Church, Arnhem
Wasserkirche church Zürich with so called 'Martyr stone' (Felix and Regula)
Grossmünster church crypt with Charlemagne statue
Katholische Hofkirche cathedral in Dresden, Wettin crypt with Requiem altar.

References

^ Apollonj Ghetti, et al. eds. Esplorazioni sotto la confessione di San Pietro. Eseguite negli anni 1940-1949 (Città del Vaticano, 1951) 1:173-93, noted in Werner Jacobsen, "Saints' Tombs in Frankish Church Architecture" Speculum 72.4 (October 1997:1107-1143) p. 1134 note 70.

External links

Media related to crypts at Wikimedia Commons

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