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1. 《the Credo》=the Apostles' Creed / 〈C〉=creed 3

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/02 10:17:37」(JST)

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For other uses, see Credo (disambiguation).

A credo (pronounced [ˈkɾeːdoː], Latin for "I Believe") is a statement of religious belief, such as the Apostles' Creed. The term especially refers to the use of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (or less often, the Apostles' Creed) in the Mass, either as spoken text, or sung as Gregorian chant or other musical settings of the Mass.

History

After the formulation of the Nicene Creed, its initial liturgical use was in baptism, which explains why the text uses the singular "I ...." instead of "we...." The text was gradually incorporated into the liturgies, first in the east and in Spain, and gradually into the north, from the sixth to the ninth century. In 1014 it was accepted by the Church of Rome as a legitimate part of the service. It is recited in the Western Mass directly after the Homily on all Sundays and Solemnities (Tridentine Feasts of the First Class), and in the Eastern Liturgy following the Litany of Supplication on all occasions.

Probably because of its late adoption, and the length of the text (the longest in the Ordinary of the Mass), there are relatively few chant settings of it. What is identified as "Credo I" in the Liber Usualis was apparently widely considered the only authentic Credo, and it is the element of the ordinary that was most strongly associated with a single melody. The Liber Usualis contains only two other settings, designated as "Credo V" and "Credo VI," which is far fewer than for other settings of the Ordinary.

In musical settings of the Credo, as in the Gloria, the first line is intoned by the celebrant alone (Credo in unum Deum), or by a soloist, while the choir or congregation joins in with the second line. This tradition continued through the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and is even followed in more recent settings. In Stravinsky's Mass, for example, a soloist intones the first line, which is from the plainchant Credo I. In Mass settings of the Baroque, Classical and Romantic period the Credo line is usually set for whole choir, such as in the Symbolum Nicenum (Nicene Creed) of Bach's Mass in B minor, where the composer uses plainchant as the theme for a fugue, in the later Masses of Haydn, and the Missa Solemnis of Beethoven.

The melody of Credo I first appears in eleventh-century manuscripts, but it is believed to be much older, and perhaps Greek in origin. It is almost entirely syllabic, probably because of the length of the text, and consists of a great deal of repetition of melodic formulas.

In polyphonic settings of the Mass, the Credo is usually the longest movement, but is usually set more homophonically than other movements, probably because the length of the text demanded a more syllabic approach, as was seen with chant as well. A few composers (notably Heinrich Isaac) have set Credos independently from the rest of the ordinary, presumably to allow their insertion into missae breves or their omission where a said or chanted Credo is the custom.

Credo as section of the Mass ordinary

See also: Mass ordinary § III. Credo

Text

See also: Nicene Creed

Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem,

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty

factorem cœli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium.

Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible:

Et in unum Dominum, Jesum Christum,

And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,

Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula.

the only-begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages;

Deum de Deo, Lumen de Lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero,

God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God;

genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri;

begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father,

per quem omnia facta sunt.

by Whom all things were made;

Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de cœlis.

Who for us men and for our salvation came down from Heaven.

Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est.

and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost out of the Virgin Mary, and was made man:

Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato passus, et sepultus est,

He was also crucified for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was buried:

et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas,

And on the third day rose again according to the Scripture:

et ascendit in cælum, sedet ad dexteram Patris.

And ascended into Heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father:

Et iterum venturus est cum gloria, iudicare vivos et mortuos,

And He shall come again, with glory, to judge the living and the dead:

cuius regni non erit finis;

Of His Kingdom there shall be no end;

Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem,

And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and Giver of Life,

qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.

Who proceeds from the Father and the Son

Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur:

Who, with the Father and the Son, is together adored and glorified,

qui locutus est per prophetas.

Who has spoken through the Prophets.

Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam.

And I believe in One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church,

Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum.

I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins.

Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum,

And I await the Resurrection of the Dead:

et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen.

And the Life of the world to come. Amen.

Musical settings

See also: Mass (music) § III. Credo

Settings of alternative texts as a Credo outside the Mass, as a motet, are extremely rare. The first published polyphonic settings of the Symbolum Apostolorum were settings by the French composer Le Brung in 1540, and two further settings by the Spanish composer Fernando de las Infantas in 1578.

See also

• Creed

References

• Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. New York: Norton, 1978. Pages 136-138.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• CRF1 receptor antagonists do not reverse pharmacological disruption of prepulse inhibition in rodents.

• Douma TN1, Millan MJ, Boulay D, Griebel G, Verdouw PM, Westphal KG, Olivier B, Groenink L.Author information 1Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands.AbstractRATIONALE: As enhanced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) transmission is associated with induction of sensorimotor gating deficits, CRF1 receptor antagonists may reverse disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating.
• Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2014 Apr;231(7):1289-303. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3315-2. Epub 2013 Nov 2.
• RATIONALE: As enhanced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) transmission is associated with induction of sensorimotor gating deficits, CRF1 receptor antagonists may reverse disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating.OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of CRF1
• PMID 24186076

• Late Adverse Events After Implantation of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent and Bare-Metal Stent: Long-Term (5-7 Years) Follow-Up of the Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study-Kyoto Registry Cohort-2.

• Natsuaki M1, Morimoto T, Furukawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Kadota K, Yamaji K, Ando K, Shizuta S, Shiomi H, Tada T, Tazaki J, Kato Y, Hayano M, Abe M, Tamura T, Shirotani M, Miki S, Matsuda M, Takahashi M, Ishii K, Tanaka M, Aoyama T, Doi O, Hattori R, Kato M, Suwa S, Takizawa A, Takatsu Y, Shinoda E, Eizawa H, Takeda T, Lee JD, Inoko M, Ogawa H, Hamasaki S, Horie M, Nohara R, Kambara H, Fujiwara H, Mitsudo K, Nobuyoshi M, Kita T, Kimura T; on behalf of the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort-2 investigators.Author information 1From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (M. Natsuaki, S. Shizuta, H.S., T. Tada, J.T., Y.K., M.H., T. Kimura); Division of Genera Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (T.M.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.F., T. Kita); Division of Cardiology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Japan (Y.N.); Division of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan (K.K., K.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (K.Y., K.A., M. Nobuyoshi); Division of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan (M.A.); Division of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan (T. Tamura); Division of Cardiology, Nara Hospital, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Nara, Japan (M.S.); Division of Cardiology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (S.M.); Division of Cardiology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada, Japan (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Shimabara Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (M. Takahashi); Division of Cardiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan (K.I.); Division of Cardiology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M. Tanaka); Division of Cardiology, Shimada Municipal Hospital, Shimada, Japan (T.A., R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan (O.D., H.K.); Division of Cardiology, Maizuru Kyosai Hospital, Maizuru, Japan (M.K.); Division of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan (S. Suwa); Division of Cardiology, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan (A.T.); Division of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan (Y.T., H.F.); Division of Cardiology, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan (E.S.); Division of Cardiology, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan (H.E.); Division of Cardiology, Koto Memorial Hospital, Higashioumi, Japan (T. Takeda); Division of Cardiology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan (J.-D.L.); Cardiovascular Center, the Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.I.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (H.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (S.H.); Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan (M.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Hirakata Kohsai Hospital, Hirakata, Japan (R.N.).AbstractBACKGROUND: Late adverse events such as very late stent thrombosis (VLST) or late target-lesion revascularization (TLR) after first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) implantation have not been yet fully characterized at long term in comparison with those after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation.
• Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions.Circ Cardiovasc Interv.2014 Feb 18. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Late adverse events such as very late stent thrombosis (VLST) or late target-lesion revascularization (TLR) after first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) implantation have not been yet fully characterized at long term in comparison with those after bare-metal stent (BMS) implanta
• PMID 24550439

• [Supported Own Initiative of Rehabilitation Patients ("New Credo") - Longterm Effects of the Nonrandomized Trial.]

• Schramm S, Hüppe A, Jürgensen M, Deck R.Author information Institut für Sozialmedizin der Universität Lübeck.AbstractOur project is closely related to the previous study "Rehabilitation aftercare - a new credo for rehabilitation clinics"; the intensified aftercare-strategy was developed by an interdisciplinary group of health professionals and scientists for patients with chronic back pain. Main objective is the resumption and maintenance of regular physical activity in everyday life of pa-tients undergoing rehabilitation. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the long-term (24-month-follow-up) efficacy of the "New Credo" (inpatient medical rehabilitation+intensified aftercare=IG) as compared with usual care (inpatient medical rehabilitation=CG).We conducted a prospective controlled multicentre trial (IG: 3 clinics vs. CG: 3 clinics) with 4 points of measurement (T0: before and T1: after rehabilitation as well as T3: 12 and T4: 24 month after discharge). We enrolled rehabilitants with a primary diagnosis of chronic back pain (ICD-10: M51-54) who had given their consent. Exclusion criteria were mental and/or psychological impairments as well as surgery in the past 6 months. Primary Outcomes included restriction of social participation (IMET) and functional capacity (FFbH-R). Treatment effects were evaluated using analyses of variance and adjusting for differences between baseline -values; furthermore we calculated effect sizes (SMDInter, SMDIntra, ORs).Complete data were available for 123 IG-rehabilitants and 299 CG-participants (Completer-Analysis, response: 52%). Regarding restriction in functional capacity in everyday life (FFbH-R) multivariate analysis confirmed a treatment*time interaction, the appropriate effect-sizes showed no significant effects (SMDInter and SMDIntra). With respect to long-term effects 24 months after discharge no significant effects were found for social participation, however. With respect to secondary outcomes there are no significant differences between the groups (SMDInter, ORs); in fact rehabilitants of both groups showed similar effects (SMDIntra) in most cases.In summary our results doesn't confirm that the intensified aftercare-programme is able to improve longer-term effectiveness of inpatient orthopaedic rehabilitation up to 24 month.
• Die Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation (Stuttg).2014 Jan 7. [Epub ahead of print]
• Our project is closely related to the previous study "Rehabilitation aftercare - a new credo for rehabilitation clinics"; the intensified aftercare-strategy was developed by an interdisciplinary group of health professionals and scientists for patients with chronic back pain. Main objective is the r
• PMID 24399285

Japanese Journal

• サントリーパブリシティサービス SPSサービス憲章「OUR CREDO」を中核に「CREDO」に沿ったサービス品質を全社で推進 (特集 経営理念の共有と組織力)

• 阿部 まさ子
• 人事実務 49(1110), 30-35, 2012-03
• NAID 40019214879

• Predicting Long-Term Mortality After First Coronary Revascularization

• Tanaka Shiro,Sakata Ryuzo,Marui Akira,Furukawa Yutaka,Kita Toru,Kimura Takeshi,on behalf of the CREDO-Kyoto Invest
• Circulation Journal 76(2), 328-334, 2012
• … Methods and Results: A total of 9,393 patients who underwent their first coronary revascularization without concomitant valvular, left ventricular, or major vascular surgery were followed over a median follow-up of 3.5 years in the CREDO-Kyoto Registry. …
• NAID 120003874387

Related Links

• クレドとは(Credoとは) クレド・経営理念のことなら日本クレド

クレドとは(Credoとは)、ラテン語で「志」「信条」「約束」を意味する言葉です。クレド( Credo)を上手に経営に活用し、業績を向上させる企業が増えています。今ならクレド に関する無料レポートをダウンロードできます。

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