関: chemosis

WordNet

edema of the mucous membrane of the eyeball and eyelid lining
swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities (同)oedema, hydrops, dropsy
a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid
of or relating to the conjunctiva

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浮腫(ふしゅ),水腫

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/04 14:51:04」(JST)

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An eye with a swollen region of the conjunctiva (front view).

An eye with a swollen region of the conjunctiva (mirror, side view).

Chemosis is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva. It is due to exudation from abnormally permeable capillaries. In general, chemosis is a nonspecific sign of eye irritation. The outer surface covering appears to have fluid in it. The conjunctiva becomes swollen and gelatinous in appearance. Often, the eye area swells so much that the eyes become difficult or impossible to close fully.^[1] Sometimes, it may also appear as if the eyeball has moved slightly backwards from the white part of the eye due to the fluid filled in the conjunctiva all over the eyes except the iris.The iris is not covered by this fluid and so it appears to be moved slightly inwards.

Causes

It is usually caused by allergies or viral infections, often inciting excessive eye rubbing. Chemosis is also included in the Chandler Classification system of orbital infections.

If chemosis has occurred due to excessive rubbing of the eye, the first aid to be given is a cold water wash for eyes.

Other causes of chemosis include:

Superior vena cava obstruction, accompanied by facial oedema
Hyperthyroidism, associated with exophthalmos, periorbital puffiness, lid retraction, and lid lag
Cavernous sinus thrombosis, associated with infection of the paranasal sinuses, proptosis, periorbital oedema, retinal haemorrhages, papilledema, extraocular movement abnormalities, and trigeminal nerve sensory loss
Carotid-cavernous fistula - classic triad of chemosis, pulsatile proptosis, and ocular bruit
Cluster headache
Trichinellosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Angioedema
Acute glaucoma
Panophthalmitis
Orbital cellulitis
Petaurus breviceps Semen
Gonorrheal conjunctivitis
Dacryocystitis
Spitting cobra venom to the eye
Urticaria
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit^[2]

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause of the chemosis.

References

[1]

^ MedlinePlus Health Information from the National Library of Medicine
^ Narang, G.S., Pahwa, J.S. Pediatric Oncall Child Health Care. Fungating orbital mass Question. 8 Feb 2011

UpToDate Contents

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1. 結膜損傷 conjunctival injury
2. 成人における浮腫の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of edema in adults
3. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department
4. Respiratory problems in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)
5. 小児における浮腫の病態生理および病因 pathophysiology and etiology of edema in children

English Journal

Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for Endothelial Dysfunction in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Clinicopathological Correlation and Review of Literature.

Vira D1, Fernandes M, Mittal R.
Eye & contact lens.Eye Contact Lens.2015 May 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) mainly affects the ocular surface; however, endothelial damage may also occur. We would like to report changes in the endothelial-Descemet layer and review the literature on similar findings in patients with XP, including the role of Descemet stripping automated endothelia
PMID 25996422

The REVEAL Study: Ranibizumab Monotherapy or Combined with Laser versus Laser Monotherapy in Asian Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.

Ishibashi T1, Li X2, Koh A3, Lai TY4, Lee FL5, Lee WK6, Ma Z7, Ohji M8, Tan N9, Cha SB10, Shamsazar J10, Yau CL10; REVEAL Study Group.
Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2015 May 13. pii: S0161-6420(15)00121-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.02.006. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: The primary study hypothesis was that ranibizumab 0.5 mg monotherapy or combined with laser is superior to laser monotherapy based on mean average change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) over 12 months in Asian patients with visual impairment resulting from diabetic macular edema (D
PMID 25983216

Beneficial effect of annexin A1 in a model of experimental allergic conjunctivitis.

Gimenes AD1, Andrade TR1, Mello CB2, Ramos L1, Gil CD1, Oliani SM3.
Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2015 May;134:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.013. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a 37 kDa glucocorticoid-regulated protein, is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator effective in terminating acute inflammatory response, and its role in allergic settings has been poorly studied. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the mechanism of action of ANXA1 in in
PMID 25795053

Japanese Journal

眼症状を呈したAnterior Condylar Confluence 硬膜動静脈瘻の1例

飯星智史,宮田圭,杉野寿哉,鰐渕昌彦,三國信啓
脳卒中の外科 41(4), 285-289, 2013
… Object: We report a case of endovascular treatment for a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of the anterior condylar confluence (ACC) with ocular symptoms.Case presentation: A 70-year-old woman presented with left conjunctival injection, eyelid edema and abducens palsy. …
NAID 130004878978

Rapid Progression of Graves' Ophthalmopathy Despite the Administration of Thiamazole

Katsuyama Takayuki,Takeda Masaya,Otsuka Fumio,Toma Kishio,Inagaki Kenichi,Sada Ken-Ei,Mimura Yukari,Ogura Toshio,Makino Hirofumi
Internal Medicine 52(20), 2317-2320, 2013
… She had ocular immotility, exposure keratitis, conjunctival edema, severe proptosis and visual impairment with a high titer of serum thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb). …
NAID 130003383671

眼窩先端症候群と同名半盲を来した82 歳女性例

馬場賢,鈴木利根,筑田眞
Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 39(2), 123-127, 2012-07-25
緒言:眼窩先端症候群をきたし,さらに内頸動脈海綿静脈洞瘻に続発した静脈性梗塞と診断された1 例を報告する.症例:複視,右視力低下,右眼の結膜充血と眼球突出を自覚するも原因精査を受けなかった82 歳女性.3 年後に脳梗塞を発症して内頸動脈海綿静脈洞瘻carotid-cavernous sinus fistula(以下CCF)による静脈性梗塞と指摘された症例.右側頭葉の静脈性梗塞により左眼の耳側半盲を …
NAID 110009443693