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hairlike structure especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism

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1. コレラ菌の概要 overview of cholera
2. D群レンサ球菌（Streptococcus bovis、Streptococcus equinus complex）による感染症の微生物学、病因、および疫学 microbiology pathogenesis and epidemiology of infections due to group d streptococci streptococcus bovis streptococcus equinus complex
3. コレラ菌感染の病因 pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae infection
4. 髄膜炎菌の微生物学および病理生物学 microbiology and pathobiology of neisseria meningitidis
5. B群レンサ球菌：病原性因子および発症機序 group b streptococcus virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms

English Journal

AuthorsDebRoy S, Gao P, Garsin DA, Harvey BR, Kos V, Nes IF, Solheim M.
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PMID 24649509

Construction of isogenic mutants in Streptococcus gallolyticus based on the development of new mobilizable vectors.

Danne C1, Guérillot R, Glaser P, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S.Author information 1Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram positif, Paris F-75015, France; CNRS, ERL 3526, France; Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.AbstractStreptococcus gallolyticus is an emerging cause of infective endocarditis that has been epidemiologically linked to colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus is poorly transformable using electroporation and no defined mutant has been published yet. Hence, we used mobilization to introduce plasmid DNA from Streptococcus agalactiae into S. gallolyticus using the transfer origin of the conjugative element TnGBS1 (oriTTnGBS1), followed by a classical homologous recombination technique. Two isogenic mutants of S. gallolyticus UCN34, one deleted for the pil1 pilus operon and another for the sortase A gene, were constructed and characterized. This genetic tool should help in unravelling virulence mechanisms of this bacterium.
Research in microbiology.Res Microbiol.2013 Dec;164(10):973-8. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
Streptococcus gallolyticus is an emerging cause of infective endocarditis that has been epidemiologically linked to colorectal cancer. S. gallolyticus is poorly transformable using electroporation and no defined mutant has been published yet. Hence, we used mobilization to introduce plasmid DNA from
PMID 24157486

Functional interactions of VirB11 traffic ATPases with VirB4 and VirD4 molecular motors in type IV secretion systems.

Ripoll-Rozada J1, Zunzunegui S, de la Cruz F, Arechaga I, Cabezón E.Author information 1Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), UC-CSIC-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain.AbstractPilus biogenesis and substrate transport by type IV secretion systems require energy, which is provided by three molecular motors localized at the base of the secretion channel. One of these motors, VirB11, belongs to the superfamily of traffic ATPases, which includes members of the type II secretion system and the type IV pilus and archaeal flagellar assembly apparatus. Here, we report the functional interactions between TrwD, the VirB11 homolog of the conjugative plasmid R388, and TrwK and TrwB, the motors involved in pilus biogenesis and DNA transport, respectively. Although these interactions remained standing upon replacement of the traffic ATPase by a homolog from a phylogenetically related conjugative system, namely, TraG of plasmid pKM101, this homolog could not replace the TrwD function for DNA transfer. This result suggests that VirB11 works as a switch between pilus biogenesis and DNA transport and reinforces a mechanistic model in which VirB11 proteins act as traffic ATPases by regulating both events in type IV secretion systems.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2013 Sep;195(18):4195-201. doi: 10.1128/JB.00437-13. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Pilus biogenesis and substrate transport by type IV secretion systems require energy, which is provided by three molecular motors localized at the base of the secretion channel. One of these motors, VirB11, belongs to the superfamily of traffic ATPases, which includes members of the type II secretio
PMID 23852869