WordNet

an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore (同)conidiospore

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1. 侵襲性アスペルギルス症の疫学および臨床症状 epidemiology and clinical manifestations of invasive aspergillosis
2. HIV感染患者における肺アスペルギルス症および侵襲性疾患の疫学および臨床症状 epidemiology and clinical manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive disease in hiv infected patients
3. スポロトリコーシスの基本的な生物学および疫学 basic biology and epidemiology of sporotrichosis
4. トリコスポロン種およびBlastoschizomyces capitatus
による感染 infections due to trichosporon species and blastoschizomyces capitatus
5. 侵襲性アスペルギルス症の診断 diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis

English Journal

Efficacy of the combined application of chitosan and Locust Bean Gum with different citrus essential oils to control postharvest spoilage caused by Aspergillus flavus in dates.

Aloui H1, Khwaldia K2, Licciardello F3, Mazzaglia A3, Muratore G3, Hamdi M4, Restuccia C5.Author information 1Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles (LSN), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP), Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia; Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia.2Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles (LSN), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP), Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia. Electronic address: khaoula_khwaldia@yahoo.fr.3Department of Agricultural and Food Productions (DiSPA), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.4Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (INSAT), 2 Boulevard de la Terre, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia.5Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Management Systems (DiGeSA), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.AbstractThis study reports the efficacy of the combined application of chitosan (CH) and Locust Bean Gum (LBG) in combination with different citrus essential oils (EOs) to inhibit Aspergillus flavus in vitro and on artificially infected dates for a storage period of 12days. The effect of these treatments on the fruits' sensory characteristics was evaluated to verify the complete absence of off-odours and off-flavours. Bergamot EO was the most effective in reducing mycelial growth, followed by bitter orange EO. Both bergamot and bitter orange oils significantly reduced conidial germination and a complete inhibition was obtained at concentrations higher than 2%. The mixtures based on CH-2% (v/v) bergamot EO or CH-2% (v/v) bitter orange EO proved to be the most effective coatings to reduce conidial germination resulting in an 87-90% inhibition compared with the control. In fruit decay assays coatings based on CH incorporating citrus oils were able to reduce fungal decay in the range of 52-62% at day 12. The study results and the complete absence of off-flavours and off-odours demonstrate the potential of CH coatings carrying citrus EOs at sub-inhibitory concentrations to control postharvest growth of A. flavus in dates.
International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2014 Jan 17;170:21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.10.017. Epub 2013 Nov 2.
This study reports the efficacy of the combined application of chitosan (CH) and Locust Bean Gum (LBG) in combination with different citrus essential oils (EOs) to inhibit Aspergillus flavus in vitro and on artificially infected dates for a storage period of 12days. The effect of these treatments on
PMID 24291176

Assessing Quantitative Resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma Stem Canker) in Brassica napus (Oilseed Rape) in Young Plants.

Huang YJ1, Qi A1, King GJ2, Fitt BD1.Author information 1School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom ; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.2Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom ; Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia.AbstractQuantitative resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus is difficult to assess in young plants due to the long period of symptomless growth of the pathogen from the appearance of leaf lesions to the appearance of canker symptoms on the stem. By using doubled haploid (DH) lines A30 (susceptible) and C119 (with quantitative resistance), quantitative resistance against L. maculans was assessed in young plants in controlled environments at two stages: stage 1, growth of the pathogen along leaf veins/petioles towards the stem by leaf lamina inoculation; stage 2, growth in stem tissues to produce stem canker symptoms by leaf petiole inoculation. Two types of inoculum (ascospores; conidia) and three assessment methods (extent of visible necrosis; symptomless pathogen growth visualised using the GFP reporter gene; amount of pathogen DNA quantified by PCR) were used. In stage 1 assessments, significant differences were observed between lines A30 and C119 in area of leaf lesions, distance grown along veins/petioles assessed by visible necrosis or by viewing GFP and amount of L. maculans DNA in leaf petioles. In stage 2 assessments, significant differences were observed between lines A30 and C119 in severity of stem canker and amount of L. maculans DNA in stem tissues. GFP-labelled L. maculans spread more quickly from the stem cortex to the stem pith in A30 than in C119. Stem canker symptoms were produced more rapidly by using ascospore inoculum than by using conidial inoculum. These results suggest that quantitative resistance against L. maculans in B. napus can be assessed in young plants in controlled conditions. Development of methods to phenotype quantitative resistance against plant pathogens in young plants in controlled environments will help identification of stable quantitative resistance for control of crop diseases.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Jan 15;9(1):e84924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084924. eCollection 2014.
Quantitative resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus is difficult to assess in young plants due to the long period of symptomless growth of the pathogen from the appearance of leaf lesions to the appearance of canker symptoms on the stem. By using doubled haploid (DH) lines A30 (
PMID 24454767

Functional characterization of a veA-dependent polyketide synthase gene in Aspergillus flavus necessary for the synthesis of asparasone, a sclerotium-specific pigment.

Cary JW1, Harris-Coward PY2, Ehrlich KC2, Di Mavungu JD3, Malysheva SV3, De Saeger S3, Dowd PF4, Shantappa S5, Martens SL5, Calvo AM5.Author information 1Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. Electronic address: jeff.cary@ars.usda.gov.2Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.3Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.4Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.5Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.AbstractThe filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus, produces the toxic and carcinogenic, polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived family of secondary metabolites termed aflatoxins. While analysis of the A. flavus genome has identified many other PKSs capable of producing secondary metabolites, to date, only a few other metabolites have been identified. In the process of studying how the developmental regulator, VeA, affects A. flavus secondary metabolism we discovered that mutation of veA caused a dramatic down-regulation of transcription of a polyketide synthase gene belonging to cluster 27 and the loss of the ability of the fungi to produce sclerotia. Inactivation of the cluster 27 pks (pks27) resulted in formation of greyish-yellow sclerotia rather than the dark brown sclerotia normally produced by A. flavus while conidial pigmentation was unaffected. One metabolite produced by Pks27 was identified by thin layer chromatography and mass spectral analysis as the known anthraquinone, asparasone A. Sclerotia produced by pks27 mutants were significantly less resistant to insect predation than were the sclerotia produced by the wild-type and more susceptible to the deleterious effects of ultraviolet light and heat. Normal sclerotia were previously thought to be resistant to damage because of a process of melanization similar to that known for pigmentation of conidia. Our results show that the dark brown pigments in sclerotia derive from anthraquinones produced by Pks27 rather than from the typical tetrahydronapthalene melanin production pathway. To our knowledge this is the first report on the genes involved in the biosynthesis of pigments important for sclerotial survival.
Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B.Fungal Genet Biol.2014 Jan 9. pii: S1087-1845(14)00002-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.01.001. [Epub ahead of print]
The filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus, produces the toxic and carcinogenic, polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived family of secondary metabolites termed aflatoxins. While analysis of the A. flavus genome has identified many other PKSs capable of producing secondary metabolites, to date, only a few
PMID 24412484

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of virulence, tolerance to environmental factors and antimicrobial activities of entomopathogenic fungi against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Mycoscience : official journal of the Mycological Society of Japan 58(3), 204-212, 2017-05
NAID 40021207188