conductive hearing loss

伝音性難聴

WordNet

1. the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; "the company operated at a loss last year"; "the company operated in the red last year" (同)red ink, red
2. gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
3. something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
4. the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation" (同)deprivation
5. the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
6. the experience of losing a loved one; "he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather"
7. able to perceive sound
8. an opportunity to state your case and be heard; "they condemned him without a hearing"; "he saw that he had lost his audience" (同)audience
9. (law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence
10. the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired" (同)audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing, auditory modality
11. a session (of a committee or grand jury) in which witnesses are called and testimony is taken; "the investigative committee will hold hearings in Chicago"
12. having the quality or power of conducting heat or electricity or sound; exhibiting conductivity

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(…を)『失うこと』,紛失《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『損害』,損失;損失額《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『負けること』,(…の)敗北;失敗《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(状態・程度の)『減少』,低下 / 《複数形で》(戦場における)(人の)損害,此傷者数
2. 〈U〉『聴力』,聴覚〈U〉〈C〉(…を)『聞くこと』,(…の)聞き取り《+『of』+『名』》・〈C〉聞いてもらう機会,聞いてやること・聴取・聴聞会〈C〉(法廷などでの)尋問,審問,;(刑罰の減免を求める)釈明,意見陳述 / 〈U〉聞こえる距離(範囲)
3. (熱・電気などを伝える)伝導性の
4. 負ける,損をする,勝ち目がない
5. 見よ,そら

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/31 19:31:52」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Conductive hearing loss
Anatomy of the human ear.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	otolaryngology
ICD-10	H90.0-H90.2
ICD-9-CM	389.0
DiseasesDB	3043
MeSH	D006314

Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles). This type of hearing loss may occur in conjunction with sensorineural hearing loss (mixed hearing loss) or alone.

Presentation

Conductive hearing loss occurs uniformly over all frequencies, resulting in sound and voices which seem faint or muffled.

Diagnosis

Otoscopy

Differential testing

For basic screening, hearing loss with a one-sided conductive component can be differentiated through the combined use of both the Weber and Rinne tests. If the hearing loss has a neural component on only one side, the Weber test, in which a tuning fork is touched to the midline of the forehead, can determine which ear is affected; the person will hear the sound softer in the affected ear. The Rinne test, which tests air conduction versus bone conduction is negative (abnormal result).

When a Weber test is carried out, sound localizes to the ear affected by the conductive loss. A Rinne test, in which air conduction is normally greater than bone conduction, is usually negative (abnormal – note unusual terminology here compared with other medical tests), and shows greater bone conduction than air conduction.

The following table compares sensorineural hearing loss to conductive:

Criteria	Sensorineural hearing loss	Conductive hearing loss
Anatomical site	Inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or central processing centers	Middle ear (ossicular chain), tympanic membrane, or inner ear
Weber test	Sound localizes to normal ear	Sound localizes to affected ear (ear with conductive loss)
Rinne test	Positive Rinne; air conduction > bone conduction (both air and bone conduction are decreased equally, but the difference between them is unchanged).	Negative Rinne; bone conduction > air conduction (bone/air gap)

Tympanometry

Audiometry

Pure tone audiometry, a standardized hearing test over a set of frequencies from 250Hz to 8000Hz, may be administered by a medical doctor or audiologist, with the result plotted separately for each ear on an audiogram. The shape of the plot reveals the degree and nature of hearing loss, distinguishing conductive hearing loss from other kinds of hearing loss.

CT scan

Pathophysiology

Causes

• External ear

Common causes of conductive hearing loss include:

• • Cerumen (earwax) or foreign body in the external auditory canal
  • Otitis externa, infection or irritation of the outer ear
  • Exostoses, abnormal growth of bone within the ear canal
  • Tumor of the ear canal
  • Congenital stenosis or atresia of the external auditory canal (narrow or blocked ear canal).
  • Perforated eardrum
  • Tympanic membrane retraction
  • Barotrauma unequal air pressures in the external and middle ear. This can temporarily occur, for example, by the environmental pressure changes as when shifting altitude, or inside a train going into a tunnel. It is managed by any of various methods of ear clearing maneuvers to equalize the pressures, like swallowing, yawning, or the Valsalva maneuver.
• Middle ear

Fluid accumulation is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in the middle ear, especially in children. Major causes are ear infections or conditions that block the eustachian tube, such as allergies or tumors. Blocking of the eustachian tube leads to decreased pressure in the middle ear relative to the external ear, and this causes decreased motion of both the ossicles and the tympanic membrane.

• • acute or serous otitis media
  • Cholesteatoma
  • Otosclerosis, abnormal growth of bone in or near the middle ear
  • middle ear tumour
  • temporal bone trauma
  • direct trauma such as objects inserted forcibly down the ear canal.
  • Congenital malformation of the ossicles. This can be an isolated phenomenon or can occur as part of a syndrome where development of the 1st and 2nd branchial arches is seen such as in Goldenhar Syndrome, Treacher Collins Syndrome, Branchio-oto-renal syndrome etc.
  • Superior canal dehiscence - which may require surgical correction.

Treatment

Treatment falls into three modalities: surgical, pharmaceutical,and management, depending on the nature and location of the specific cause.

In cases of infection, antibiotics or antifungal medications are an option. Some conditions are amenable to surgical intervention such as middle ear fluid, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis. If conductive hearing loss is due to head trauma, surgical repair is an option. If absence or deformation of ear structures cannot be corrected, or if the patient declines surgery hearing aids, which amplify sounds are a possible treatment option. Bone conduction hearing aids are useful as these deliver sound directly, through bone, to the cochlea or organ of hearing bypassing the pathology. These can be on a soft or hard headband or can be inserted surgically, a bone anchored hearing aid, of which there are several types. Conventional air conduction hearing aids can also be used.

See also

• Hearing loss

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults
• 2. 成人における難聴の評価 evaluation of hearing loss in adults
• 3. 小児における聴覚障害：病因 hearing impairment in children etiology
• 4. 小児における聴覚障害：評価 hearing impairment in children evaluation
• 5. 小児における聴覚障害：治療 hearing impairment in children treatment

English Journal

• Indications of cone beam CT in head and neck imaging.

• Stutzki M1, Jahns E1, Mandapathil MM1, Diogo I1, Werner JA1, Güldner C1.
• Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2015 Dec;135(12):1337-43. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1076172. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
• CONCLUSION: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) can be widely used in imaging of bony structures of the anterior and lateral skull base. Significant differences of applied dosages result from the different protocols of the various indications.OBJECTIVES: CBCT is increasingly being used in head and
• PMID 26313160

• Quality standards for bone conduction implants.

• Gavilan J1, Adunka O2, Agrawal S3, Atlas M4, Baumgartner WD5, Brill S6, Bruce I7, Buchman C8, Caversaccio M9, De Bodt MT10, Dillon M8, Godey B11, Green K7, Gstoettner W5, Hagen R6, Hagr A12, Han D13, Kameswaran M11, Karltorp E14, Kompis M9, Kuzovkov V15, Lassaletta L1, Li Y13, Lorens A16, Martin J17, Manoj M18, Mertens G10, Mlynski R19, Mueller J20, O'Driscoll M7, Parnes L3, Pulibalathingal S18, Radeloff A6, Raine CH17, Rajan G4, Rajeswaran R21, Schmutzhard J22, Skarzynski H16, Skarzynski P16, Sprinzl G23, Staecker H24, Stephan K22, Sugarova S15, Tavora D4, Usami S25, Yanov Y15, Zernotti M26, Zorowka P22, de Heyning PV10.
• Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2015 Dec;135(12):1277-85. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1067904. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
• CONCLUSION: Bone conduction implants are useful in patients with conductive and mixed hearing loss for whom conventional surgery or hearing aids are no longer an option. They may also be used in patients affected by single-sided deafness.OBJECTIVES: To establish a consensus on the quality standards
• PMID 26223816

• Functional results after Bonebridge implantation in adults and children with conductive and mixed hearing loss.

• Rahne T1, Seiwerth I2, Götze G2, Heider C2, Radetzki F3, Herzog M2, Plontke SK2.
• European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Nov;272(11):3263-9. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3403-x. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
• In patients with conductive hearing loss caused by middle ear disorders or atresia of the ear canal, a Bonebridge implantation can improve hearing by providing vibratory input to the temporal bone. The expected results are improved puretone thresholds and speech recognition. In the European Union, a
• PMID 25425039

Japanese Journal

• A Case of Teunissen-Cremers Syndrome

• Yasuda Mamiko,Ida Yutaro,Suetsugu Toshinari,Matsushima Kouji,Edamatsu Hideo
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床　補冊 143(0), 50-54, 2015
• … We encountered a case of conductive hearing loss due to stapes fixation, accompanied by broad thumbs, broad toes, and hyperopia. … The patient was a 26-year-old man who had been using hearing aids for bilateral hearing loss since childhood. …
• NAID 130005084979

• 発達により ABR が正常化した Cornelia de Lange 症候群の一例

• 追川 陽子,大上 麻由里,塚原 桃子,関口 美也子,大上 研二
• 小児耳鼻咽喉科 36(1), 58-64, 2015
•   Cornelia de Lange 症候群は，小児科医 Cornelia de Lange が初めて報告し，特異的顔貌や四肢の小奇形，精神発達遅滞，成長障害などを呈する先天性の多発奇形症候群である。耳鼻咽喉科領域としては難聴を合併することが知られているがその報告例はまだ少ない。今回我々は生後 1 カ月で当科を受診し，後に本症候群の診断が確定した男児の経時的な聴力の評価を行うことができたので報告 …
• NAID 130005078716

• 伝音性難聴が残存したランゲルハンス細胞組織球症の 1 例

• 江原 幸茂,鈴木 雅明,中村 こずえ,笹島 ゆう子,村松 さやか,武茂 高至,安井 拓也,伊藤 健
• 小児耳鼻咽喉科 36(1), 45-51, 2015
•   ランゲルハンス組織球症（langerhans cell histiocytosis; LCH）は，小児に好発する稀な全身性疾患であり診断に苦慮することが多い。今回我々は，耳鼻科受診に至る 1 年間にわたり確定診断を得ることができなかったが，外耳道病変の生検が LCH 診断の決め手となった側頭骨，皮膚，瞼結膜，および肺に病変を認めた 2 歳女児の多臓器型 LCH 例を経験した。日本 LCH 研究 …
• NAID 130005078714

Related Links

• conductive hearing loss - definition of conductive hearing loss ...

hearing loss /hear·ing loss/ (los) deafness. conductive hearing loss conductive deafness; that due to a defect of the sound-conducting apparatus, i.e., of the external auditory canal or middle ear. functional hearing loss hearing loss ...

• Conductive Hearing Loss

Conductive hearing loss occurs when conduction of sound through the outer ear and/or middle ear is disrupted. Conductive hearing loss can often be treated medically; however some forms of conductive hearing loss can be permanent.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「伝音性難聴」「CHL」
関連記事	「hearing」「loss」「hearing loss」「conductive」

「伝音性難聴」

　　[★]

英

conductive hearing loss, CHL, conduction deafness

同

伝音難聴

関

内耳性難聴、難聴

「CHL」

　　[★]

• 伝音性難聴 conductive hearing loss

「hearing」

　　[★]

• n。

• 聴力、聴覚。聞くこと、聴取。聞こえる距離/範囲。聞いてやること、傾聴。聞いてもらうこと、発言の機会。(委員会などの)聴聞会、ヒアリング。(法)審問、尋問。

　 　 　 　 　 　

「loss」

　　[★]

• n.

• 損失、減少

関

decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、reduce、reduction

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「hearing loss」

　　[★]

• n.

• 難聴、聴力損失、聴覚消失、聴覚損失

「conductive」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 伝導性の