関: celom、celomic、coelomic

WordNet

a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity (同)coelom, celoma

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/10 19:59:00」(JST)

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Skin
(ectoderm)

Muscle
(mesoderm)

Coelom

Internal
organ

Membrane
(peritoneum)

Gut
(endoderm)

A coelomate animal is basically a set of concentric tubes, with a gap between the gut and the outer tubes.

The coelom (/ˈsiːləm/ SEE-ləm, plural coeloms or coelomata /siːˈloʊmətə/ see-LOH-mə-tə) (also celom, -s) is a fluid-filled body cavity between the intestines and the body wall of some higher metazoans. It is lined with a mesodermal epithelium. The coelom is formed within the mesoderm of the embryo. In mammals, the coelom then develops into the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. In other animals, e.g., molluscs, it remains undifferentiated.

Physiology[edit]

Functionally, a coelom can absorb shock or provide a hydrostatic skeleton. It also allows muscles to grow independently off the body wall. This can be seen in the digestive tract of water bears and other tardigrades, which is suspended within the body in a mesentery derived from a mesoderm-lined coelom.

Biology and zoology[edit]

Coeloms developed in diploblasts but were subsequently lost in several lineages. Loss of coelom is correlated with reduction in body size. Coelom is sometimes (incorrectly) used to refer to any developed digestive tract. Some organisms may not possess a coelom or may have a false coelom (pseudocoelom). Animals having coelomata are called coelomates.

In the past, zoologists grouped animals based on characteristics related to the coelom. The presence or absence of a coelom and the way in which it was formed were believed to be important in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of animal phyla. However, recent molecular phylogenies have suggested this characteristic is not as informative as previously believed: the coelom may have arisen twice, once in protostomes and once among the deuterostomes.^[1] The coelomate phyla comprise Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Priapulida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Annelida, Tardigrada, Pentastoma, Onychophora, Arthropoda, Pogonophora, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata and Chordata (i.e., from tiny sessile aquatic animals to humans and everything in between).^[2]

References[edit]

^ Xiao, S.; Laflamme, M. (2008). "On the eve of animal radiation: phylogeny, ecology and evolution of the Ediacara biota". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.015. PMID 18952316
^ "Coeloms and Pseudocoeloms". earlife.net. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児腹壁破裂および総排泄腔外反症 body stalk anomaly and cloacal exstrophy
2. 臍帯ヘルニア omphalocele
3. 副腎の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the adrenal glands
4. 腸回転異常 intestinal malrotation
5. 消化管閉鎖症および閉塞の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of gastrointestinal atresia and obstruction

English Journal

Development, organization, and remodeling of phoronid muscles from embryo to metamorphosis (Lophotrochozoa: Phoronida).

Temereva EN, Tsitrin EB.AbstractBACKGROUND: The phoronid larva, which is called the actinotrocha, is one of the most remarkable planktotrophic larval types among marine invertebrates. Actinotrochs live in plankton for relatively long periods and undergo catastrophic metamorphosis, in which some parts of the larval body are consumed by the juvenile. The development and organization of the muscular system has never been described in detail for actinotrochs and for other stages in the phoronid life cycle.
BMC developmental biology.BMC Dev Biol.2013 Apr 24;13(1):14. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The phoronid larva, which is called the actinotrocha, is one of the most remarkable planktotrophic larval types among marine invertebrates. Actinotrochs live in plankton for relatively long periods and undergo catastrophic metamorphosis, in which some parts of the larval body are consume
PMID 23617418

Distribution of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose in the coelom of healthy bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

Jones MP, Morandi F, Wall JS, Long MJ, Stuckey AC, LeBlanc AK.SourceDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. mpjones@utk.edu
American journal of veterinary research.Am J Vet Res.2013 Mar;74(3):426-32. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.74.3.426.
OBJECTIVE: To determine 2-deoxy-2-fluoro (fluorine 18)-d-glucose ((18)FDG) biodistribution in the coelom of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).ANIMALS: 8 healthy adult bald eagles.PROCEDURES: For each eagle, whole-body transmission noncontrast CT, 60-minute dynamic positron emission tomography (
PMID 23438118

New insights into the developmental mechanisms of coronary vessels and epicardium.

Nakajima Y, Imanaka-Yoshida K.SourceDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. yuji@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
International review of cell and molecular biology.Int Rev Cell Mol Biol.2013;303:263-317. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407697-6.00007-6.
During heart development, the epicardium, which originates from the proepicardial organ (PE), is a source of coronary vessels. The PE develops from the posterior visceral mesoderm of the pericardial coelom after stimulation with a combination of weak bone morphogenetic protein and strong fibroblast
PMID 23445813

Japanese Journal

Unusual coelom formation in the direct-type developing sand dollar Peronella japonica

Tsuchimoto Jun,Yamada Toshihiro,Yamaguchi Masaaki
Developmental Dynamics 240(11), 2432-2439, 2011-11
… However, the developmental processes underlying coelom formation remain unclear. … We show that the left coelom developed by both schizocoely and enterocoely from the archenteron tip, whereas the hydrocoel and right coelom formed by enterocoely from the archenteron. … This coelom formation arranged the coelomic compartments directly along the adult oral-aboral axis by skipping the initial bilateral phases. …
NAID 120003459666

マナマコの呼吸樹での換水

山元憲一,半田岳志,茅野昌大 [他],白石亮之
水産増殖 = The aquiculture 57(3), 483-488, 2009-09-20
マナマコの呼吸樹での換水量，体腔内圧および総排出腔内圧の変化を同時に連続記録し，その記録から呼吸樹での換水をモデル化した。呼吸樹での換水は次の順で行うと推測した。まず，呼吸樹と総排出腔の境を閉じ，肛門を開き，総排出腔を拡張させて海水を総排出腔内へ吸入し，総排出腔の拡張で増大した体腔内圧で体腔内容積を拡張させる。次いで，肛門を閉じて呼吸樹と総排出腔の境を開き，総排出腔を収縮させて総排出腔から呼吸樹へ …
NAID 10029845074

2A1-C10 体腔内移動用ロボットのための移動機構の検討(医療・福祉ロボティクス・メカトロニクス)

野村玲子,渋谷恒司
ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集 2008, "2A1-C10(1)"-"2A1-C10(2)", 2008-06-06
… The goal of this study is to propose mechanisms of locomotion for micro robot moving in human coelom. …
NAID 110008696265