WordNet

(zoology) the cavity (in birds, reptiles, amphibians, most fish, and monotremes but not mammals) at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts open
a thin pliable sheet of material
a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants (同)tissue layer

PrepTutorEJDIC

(鳥類,爬(は)虫類,両生類などの) 排出腔｛はいしゅつくう｝、下水道｛げすいどう｝
(生物の)膜,皮膜

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/13 16:01:49」(JST)

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Cloacal membrane

Tail end of human embryo from fifteen to eighteen days old.
Latin	membrana cloacalis
Gray's	subject #6 47
Carnegie stage	7
Days	15
Precursor	caudal end of the primitive streak
Code	TE E5.4.0.0.0.0.15

The cloacal membrane is the membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca when still in the development of the urinary and reproductive organs.

It is formed by ectoderm and endoderm coming into contact with each other.^[1] After separation of the cloaca into the urogenital and anal parts, the cloacal membrane, in turn, is separated into a urogenital membrane and an anal membrane.

It has been suggested that developmental errors may be associated with enlarged clitorises.^[2]

References[edit]

^ "Endoderm -- Developmental Biology -- NCBI Bookshelf".
^ van der Putte SC (November 2009). "Penislike clitorises with megalourethras in nonvirilized female fetuses and a newborn. A histopathologic study and its bearing on their pathogenesis". J. Pediatr. Surg. 44 (11): 2223–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.07.024. PMID 19944238.

External links[edit]

Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) hdisqueembry/triderm04
genital-021 — Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
Diagram at unsw.edu.au
Overview at ana.ed.ac.uk

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児腹壁破裂（body stalk anomaly）および総排泄腔奇形の
産科学的新生児マネージメント obstetrical and neonatal management of body stalk anomalies and cloacal abnormalities
2. 血液-血液透析膜の相互作用に関与する生化学的機序 biochemical mechanisms involved in blood hemodialysis membrane interactions
3. 赤血球細胞膜の動態および機構 red blood cell membrane dynamics and organization
4. 胎児腹壁欠陥の出生前超音波診断 prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal abdominal wall defects
5. 膀胱外反症を有する幼児の臨床症状および初期マネージメント clinical manifestations and initial management of infants with bladder exstrophy

English Journal

The long-term management and outcomes of cloacal anomalies.

Fernando MA1, Creighton SM, Wood D.
Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2015 May;30(5):759-65. doi: 10.1007/s00467-014-2875-7. Epub 2014 Sep 13.
Cloacal anomalies occur when failure of the urogenital septum to separate the cloacal membrane results in the urethra, vagina, rectum and anus opening into a single common channel. The reported incidence is 1:50,000 live births. Short-term paediatric outcomes of surgery are well reported and surviva
PMID 25217327

Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis identify ISL1 as genome-wide significant susceptibility gene for bladder exstrophy.

Draaken M1, Knapp M2, Pennimpede T3, Schmidt JM4, Ebert AK5, Rösch W6, Stein R7, Utsch B8, Hirsch K9, Boemers TM10, Mangold E4, Heilmann S1, Ludwig KU1, Jenetzky E11, Zwink N12, Moebus S13, Herrmann BG3, Mattheisen M14, Nöthen MM1, Ludwig M15, Reutter H16.
PLoS genetics.PLoS Genet.2015 Mar 12;11(3):e1005024. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005024. eCollection 2015.
The bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) represents the severe end of the uro-rectal malformation spectrum, and is thought to result from aberrant embryonic morphogenesis of the cloacal membrane and the urorectal septum. The most common form of BEEC is isolated classic bladder exstrophy (CBE)
PMID 25763902

Complex abdominal wall defects: appearances at prenatal imaging.

Pakdaman R1, Woodward PJ, Kennedy A.
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.Radiographics.2015 Mar-Apr;35(2):636-49. doi: 10.1148/rg.352140104.
Abdominal wall defects are a complex group of anomalies, and many are incorrectly diagnosed. Evaluation of the defect relative to the umbilical cord insertion site is fundamentally important in differentiating among the various malformations. The two most common abdominal wall defects are gastroschi
PMID 25763744

Japanese Journal

Congenital prepubic sinus : Is it a residual cloacal membrane and umbilicophallic groove?

TSUKAMOTO Kanako,YAMATAKA Atsuyuki,KUGA Takashi,YANAI Toshihiro,WATANABE Toyoko,MIYANO Takeshi
Pediatric surgery international 20(1), 47-50, 2004-01-01
NAID 10018938514