clinical symptom

• 臨床症状、臨床像、臨床症候

関

clinical manifestation、clinical observation、clinical phenotype、clinical presentation、clinical sign

WordNet

1. a healthcare facility for outpatient care
2. a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists
3. meeting for diagnosis of problems and instruction or remedial work in a particular activity
4. (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease
5. anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of Xs existence
6. scientifically detached; unemotional; "he spoke in the clipped clinical monotones typical of police testimony"
7. relating to a clinic or conducted in or as if in a clinic and depending on direct observation of patients; "clinical observation"; "clinical case study"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(医学の)臨床講義 / 〈C〉《集合的に》臨床講義のクラス / 〈C〉臨床講義室 / 〈C〉(病院・医科大学・社会事業団などに付属した)診療所;《形容詞を判って》医療施設,病院 / 〈C〉(警察・学校・社会事業団などに付属した)相談所
2. (病気の)徴候,症状《+of+名》 / (一般)に(…の)徴候,きざし,印《+of+名》
3. 臨床の,臨床講義の / 病床の / 臨床的な,客観的な態度の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/26 19:20:33」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

"Symptoms" redirects here. For other uses, see Symptom (disambiguation).

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease. A symptom is subjective, observed by the patient, and cannot be measured directly, whereas a sign is objectively observable by others. For example, paresthesia is a symptom (only the person experiencing it can directly observe their own tingling feeling), whereas erythema is a sign (anyone can confirm that the skin is redder than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of them are at least suggestive of certain diagnoses, helping to narrow down what may be wrong. In other cases they are specific even to the point of being pathognomonic.

The term is sometimes also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to "symptoms of pregnancy".

Types

Symptoms may be chronic, relapsing or remitting. Asymptomatic conditions also exist (e.g. subclinical infections and, sometimes, high blood pressure).

Constitutional or general symptoms are those related to the systemic effects of a disease (e.g., fever, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss). They affect the entire body rather than a specific organ or location.

The terms "chief complaint", "presenting symptom", "iatrotropic symptom", or "presenting complaint" are used to describe the initial concern which brings a patient to a doctor. The symptom that ultimately leads to a diagnosis is called a "cardinal symptom".

Non-specific symptoms are self-reported symptoms that do not indicate a specific disease process or involve an isolated body system. For example, fatigue is a feature of many acute and chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be mental, and may be either a primary or secondary symptom. Fatigue is also a normal, healthy condition when experienced after exertion or at the end of a day.

Positive and negative

In describing mental disorders, especially schizophrenia, symptoms can be divided into positive and negative symptoms.

• Positive symptoms are symptoms present in the disorder but not normally experienced by most individuals. It reflects an excess or distortion of normal functions (i.e., experiences and behaviors that have been added to a person’s normal way of functioning). Examples are hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior.
• Negative symptoms are functions that are normally found in healthy persons, but that are diminished or not present in affected persons. Thus, it is something that has disappeared from a person’s normal way of functioning. Examples are social withdrawal, apathy, inability to experience pleasure and defects in attention control.

Possible causes

Some symptoms occur in a wide range of disease processes, whereas other symptoms are fairly specific for a narrow range of illnesses. For example, a sudden loss of sight in one eye has a significantly smaller number of possible causes than nausea does.

Some symptoms can be misleading to the patient or the medical practitioner caring for them. For example, inflammation of the gallbladder often gives rise to pain in the right shoulder, which may understandably lead the patient to attribute the pain to a non-abdominal cause such as muscle strain.

Symptom versus sign

A symptom can more simply be defined as any feature which is noticed by the patient. A sign is noticed by other people. It is not necessarily the nature of the sign or symptom which defines it, but who observes it.

A feature might be a sign or a symptom - or both - depending on the observer(s). For example, a skin rash may be noticed by either a healthcare professional as a sign, or by the patient as a symptom. When it is noticed by both, then the feature is both a sign and a symptom. In lists of features to expect in the history and physical examination, "rash" may be listed under both (constituting a symptom in the former, a sign in the latter).

Some features, such as pain, can only be symptoms, because they cannot be directly observed by other people. Other features can only be signs, such as a blood cell count measured in a medical laboratory, which most patients have no way to observe independently.

See also

• Category:Symptoms
• List of medical symptoms
• Pathogenesis
• Symptomatic treatment

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 悪性神経膠腫患者の臨床症状および初回外科的アプローチ clinical manifestations and initial surgical approach to patients with malignant gliomas
• 2. 脳転移患者の臨床症状、診断、およびマネージメントの概要 overview of the clinical manifestations diagnosis and management of patients with brain metastases
• 3. 血管浮腫の概要：臨床的特徴、診断、およびマネージメント an overview of angioedema clinical features diagnosis and management
• 4. 鎌状赤血球症の臨床症状の概要 overview of the clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease
• 5. 女性における骨盤臓器脱の疫学、危険因子、臨床症状、およびマネージメントの概要 an overview of the epidemiology risk factors clinical manifestations and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women

English Journal

• A cross-sectional study investigating clinical predictors and physical experiences of pain in Parkinson's disease.

• Rana AQ, Saeed U, Masroor MS, Yousuf MS, Siddiqui I.AbstractPain is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is often neglected due to its high prevalence in both the PD and the normal elderly population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to establish the prevalence of pain, investigate its clinical predictors and analyze physical experiences of pain as described by PD patients. A total of 121 patients diagnosed with PD were included. The patients underwent a neurological examination and a structured interview and completed questionnaires focusing on clinical types and physical experiences of pain. Logistic regressions were used to analyze possible predictors. Pain was reported by 80 (66%) patients with a mean age at PD diagnosis of 67.26±11.43 years. The most common clinical types of pain experienced by the patients were dystonic pain (48%), paresthesia/neuropathic pain (36%) and musculoskeletal pain (28%). The PD patients described their physical experience of pain as aching (46%), a feeling of tension (18%), sharp pain (12%), deep pain (12%) and dull pain (11%). Patients with PD affecting the right side of the body were four times more likely to report pain on the right side of the body; however, no such relation was found for the left side of the body. A higher UPDRS-III scale score and longer PD duration reduced the likelihood of patients reporting dull pain. The presence of paresthesia/neuropathic pain was shown to decrease the likelihood of patients reporting sharp pain. No significant relationships were found between the magnitude of pain and gender, age at PD diagnosis, PD duration, UPDRS-III score, or Hoehn and Yahr stage of PD. Although 40% of the PD patients felt that medication had a (direct) effect on their pain, no relationship could be found between pain severity and PD medication.
• Functional neurology.Funct Neurol.2014 Oct-Dec;28(4):297-304. doi: 10.11138/FNeur/2013.28.4.297.
• Pain is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is often neglected due to its high prevalence in both the PD and the normal elderly population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to establish the prevalence of pain, investigate its clinical predictors and analyze physical exper
• PMID 24598399

• Multicenter, double-blind, parallel group study investigating the non-inferiority of efficacy and safety of a 2% miconazole nitrate shampoo in comparison with a 2% ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.

• Buechner SA.Author information Private Dermatology office, Blumenrain 20, CH 4051 Basel , Switzerland.AbstractOBJECTIVES: This study investigated the non-inferiority of efficacy and tolerance of 2% miconazole nitrate shampoo in comparison with 2% ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
• The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Jun;25(3):226-31. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.782092. Epub 2013 May 21.
• OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the non-inferiority of efficacy and tolerance of 2% miconazole nitrate shampoo in comparison with 2% ketoconazole shampoo in the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis.METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, comparative, parallel group, multicenter study was done.
• PMID 23557492

• Assessing therapeutic effectiveness of scalp treatments for dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, part 2: the impact of gender and ethnicity on efficacy.

• Bacon RA1, Mizoguchi H, Schwartz JR.Author information 1The Procter and Gamble Company , Cincinnati, OH , USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) are common and troublesome scalp conditions that affect individuals independent of gender or ethnicity.
• The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Jun;25(3):237-40. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.719077. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
• BACKGROUND: Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) are common and troublesome scalp conditions that affect individuals independent of gender or ethnicity.AIM: To evaluate whether population gender or ethnic origins impact the magnitude of anti-dandruff therapeutic benefit obtained from use of a p
• PMID 22866664

Japanese Journal

• 泌尿器症状マネジメント (特集 誰も教えてくれなかった緩和医療 : 最新知識と実践) -- (臓器別症状と全身管理)

• 堀 夏樹
• 臨床泌尿器科 = Japanese journal of clinical
• NAID 40020545972

• Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Is a Potential Marker to Distinguish Fibromyalgia Syndrome from Arthritis

• Sugimoto Chie,Konno Takahiko,Wakao Rika,Fujita Hiroko,Fujita Hiroyoshi,Wakao Hiroshi
• PLOS ONE 10(4), e0121124, 2015-04-09
• … The lack of concrete structural and/or pathological evidence has made patients suffer prejudice that FMS is a medically unexplained symptom, implying inauthenticity. … Conclusions Combined with the currently available diagnostic procedures and criteria, analysis of MAIT cells offers a more objective standard for the diagnosis of FMS, RA, and SpA, which exhibit multifaceted and confusingly similar clinical manifestations. …
• NAID 120005611266

• 器質性消化器病と機能性消化管障害の診療の接点 : 市中病院勤務医の立場から(機能性消化管障害の最適治療を求めて,2014年,第55回日本心身医学会総会ならびに学術講演会(千葉))

• 落合 利彰,土田 治,吉村 大輔 [他],早木 千絵,水谷 孝弘
• 心身医学 55(3), 239-246, 2015-03-01
• 機能性ディスペプシア(FD)や過敏性腸症候群(IBS)に代表される機能性消化管障害(FGIDs)の診療では,診断基準や診療ガイドラインに準じた診療が望まれる.診断において最も大事なことは,器質的疾患を除外することであるが,しばしば警告症状を軽視したために,重大な疾患が見落とされることがある.さらに最近では,FGIDsと器質的疾患の境界病変ともいえる,新しい疾患も報告されてきている.また消化器内科医 …
• NAID 110009917685

Related Links

• Clinical symptom | definition of Clinical symptom by Medical ...

symptom [simp´tom] any indication of disease perceived by the patient. cardinal s's 1. symptoms of greatest significance to the health care provider, establishing the identity of the illness. 2. the symptoms shown in the temperature ...

• Clinical symptom - definition of Clinical symptom by The Free ...

Clinical symptom Clinical Systems All Managed Clinical Systems Design Work Group Clinical Systems Program Assessment and Review Clinical Target Volume Clinical Target Volume Clinical Target Volume Clinical Target ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「clinical manifestation」「臨床症状」「clinical observation」「臨床像」「clinical sign」
関連記事	「symptom」「clinical」「clinic」

「clinical manifestation」

　　[★]

manifestation

• 臨床症状、臨床所見、臨床像、臨床病態

関

clinical finding、clinical impression、clinical observation、clinical phenotype、clinical presentation、clinical sign、clinical symptom

「臨床症状」

　　[★]

英

clinical manifestation、clinical presentation、clinical sign、clinical symptom、clinical observation

関

臨床像、臨床所見、臨床病態、臨床症候、臨床知見、臨床徴候

「clinical observation」

　　[★]

• 臨床所見、臨床知見、臨床症状

関

clinical finding、clinical impression、clinical manifestation、clinical presentation、clinical sign、clinical symptom

「臨床像」

　　[★]

英

clinical manifestation、clinical presentation、clinical symptom、clinical phenotype

関

臨床症状、臨床所見、臨床病態、臨床症候

「clinical sign」

　　[★]

• 臨床徴候、臨床症候、臨床症状

関

clinical manifestation、clinical observation、clinical presentation、clinical symptom

「symptom」

　　[★]

• n.

• しるし、現れ、兆し(of)。(医)徴候、症状、症候、病徴

関

indication、manifestation、pathology、presentation、sign、stigma、stigmata、symptomatic

　 　 　

「clinical」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 臨床の、臨床的な、臨床上の、クリニカル

関

clin、clinically

　 　 　

「clinic」

　　[★]

• n.

• クリニック、臨床講義、診療所