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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/06 02:41:13」(JST)

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Biology

A clastogen in biology is a mutagenic agent giving rise to or inducing disruption or breakages of chromosomes, leading to sections of the chromosome being deleted, added, or rearranged.^[1] This process is a form of mutagenesis, and can lead to carcinogenesis, as cells that are not killed by the clastogenic effect may become cancerous. Known clastogens include acridine yellow, benzene, ethylene oxide, arsenic, phosphine and mimosine. Exposure to clastogens increases frequency of abnormal germ cells in paternal males, contributing to developmental effects in the fetus upon fertilization.

Illustrative sentence: "This leads to the conclusion that a chemical that fails to induce a significant response in an in vitro clastogenicity assay is unlikely to be clastogenic in vivo, in bone marrow assays."^[2]

Geology

The term "clastogenic" in volcanic eruptions refers to causing a particular type of ejecta.

Illustrative sentence: "The complex features of this eruption can be explained by rapid deposition of coarse pyroclasts near the vent and the subsequent flowage of clastogenic lavas which were accompanied by a high eruption plume generating pumice falls and/or pyroclastic flows."^[3]

References

^ Rosefort C., Fauth E., Zankl H.: Micronuclei induced by aneugens and clastogens in mononucleate and binucleate cells using cytokinesis block assay. Mutagenesis 19, pp. 277-284 (2004)
^ Rose, John. (1988). Environmental Toxicology: Current Developments, p. 64.
^ Yasui, Maya and Takehiro Koyaguchi. "Sequence and eruptive style of the 1783 eruption of Asama Volcano, central Japan: a case study of an andesitic explosive eruption generating fountain-fed lava flow, pumice fall, scoria flow and forming a cone," Journal Bulletin of Volcanology (Kasan). Vol. 66, No. 3 (March 2004). pp. 243-262.

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English Journal

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of Euterpe oleraceae Mart. (Arecaceae) fruit oil (açaí), in mammalian cells in vivo.

Marques ES1, Froder JG1, Carvalho JC2, Rosa PC3, Perazzo FF4, Maistro EL5.
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Safety assessment of non-animal chondroitin sulfate sodium: Subchronic study in rats, genotoxicity tests and human bioavailability.

Miraglia N1, Bianchi D1, Trentin A1, Volpi N2, Soni MG3.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.Food Chem Toxicol.2016 Jul;93:89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.013. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
Chondroitin sulfate, an amino sugar polymer made of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-galactosamine, is used in dietary supplements to promote joint health. Commonly used chondroitin sulfate is of animal origin and can pose potential safety problems including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The o
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Apoptotic effect of eugenol envolves G2/M phase abrogation accompanied by mitochondrial damage and clastogenic effect on cancer cell in vitro.

Júnior PL1, Câmara DA2, Costa AS3, Ruiz JL4, Levy D4, Azevedo RA5, Pasqualoto KF6, de Oliveira CF3, de Melo TC3, Pessoa ND7, Fonseca PM8, Pereira A3, Araldi RP3, Ferreira AK5.
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