WordNet

play chords on (a string instrument)
a straight line connecting two points on a curve
a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together

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(楽器の)弦 / 感情,情緒 / 和音,コード / =cord4 / 弦(数学で,円周上の2点を結ぶ直線)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/28 05:07:48」(JST)

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Chordee (/ˈkɔrdiː/^[1]) is a condition in which the head of the penis curves downward or upward, at the junction of the head and shaft of the penis. The curvature is usually most obvious during erection, but resistance to straightening is often apparent in the flaccid state as well. In many cases but not all, chordee is associated with hypospadias. This is not the same condition as Peyronie's disease, which involves curvature of the shaft of the penis most commonly due to injury during adult life.

Cause[edit]

A chordee may be caused by an underlying condition, such as a disorder of sex development or an intersex condition, or form as a complication of circumcision,^[2]^[3] though some medical professionals do not consider it to be true chordee because the corporal bodies are normally formed.^[4] However, not all congenital chordee includes abnormal corpora, and case reports of damage to the corpus cavernosum from circumcision are noted in the literature; particularly as a complication of local anesthetic.^[5]

Presentation[edit]

It is usually considered a congenital malformation of unknown cause. Since at an early stage of fetal development the penis is curved downward, it has been proposed that chordee results from an arrest of penile development at that stage.

The curvature of a chordee can involve

tethering of the skin with urethra and corpora of normal size;
curvature induced by fibrosis and contracture of the fascial tissue (Buck's fascia or dartos) surrounding the urethra;
disproportionately large corpora in relation to the urethral length without other demonstrable abnormality of either; or
a short, fibrotic urethra that tethers the penis downward (the least common type).

Severe degrees of chordee are usually associated with hypospadias, but mild degrees of curvature may occur in many otherwise normal males. When the curved penis is small and accompanied by hypospadias, deficiency of prenatal androgen effect can be inferred.

Treatment[edit]

The principal treatment of chordee is surgery in infancy,^[6] usually by a pediatric urologist. With chordees caused by circumcision, the preferred method of surgical treatment is a z-plasty.^[7] The preferred time for surgery is between the ages of 6 and 18 months and correction is usually successful.

References[edit]

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /ˈkɔːɹdiː/.
^ "AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS: Circumcision Policy Statement", Pediatrics 103 (3), 3 March 1999: 686–693, doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686, PMID 10049981, retrieved 19 August 2010
^ Kaplan, M.D, George W (August 1983), "Complications of Circumcision", Urologic Clinics of North America 10 (3): Pages 543–549
^ "Complications of Circumcision". Retrieved 19 August 2010.
^ Palmer, MD, John M; Link, MD, Daniel (June 15, 1979) [1979], "Impotence Following Anesthesia for Elective Circumcision", Journal of the American Medical Association 241 (24): 2635–2636, doi:10.1001/jama.241.24.2635, PMID 439362
^ Braga LH, Pippi Salle JL, Dave S, Bagli DJ, Lorenzo AJ, Khoury AE (2007), "Outcome analysis of severe chordee correction using tunica vaginalis as a flap in boys with proximal hypospadias", J. Urol. 178 (4 Pt 2): 1693–7; discussion 1697, doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.166, PMID 17707021.
^ Kaplan GW. Complications of circumcision. Urol Clin N Amer 1983;10:543-9.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 尿道下裂 hypospadias
2. ペイロニー病：診断と内科的マネージメント peyronies disease diagnosis and medical management
3. 小児における身体的診察：会陰 the pediatric physical examination the perineum
4. 新生児の包皮環状切除の手技 techniques for neonatal circumcision
5. 男性の性交時痛 male dyspareunia

English Journal

Q-island flap urethroplasty, a one stage procedure for reconstruction of Y-type urethral duplications: Experience with 6 cases.

Raffoul L1, Rod J2, Ravasse P2, Lortat Jacob S3.
The Journal of urology.J Urol.2015 Jan 23. pii: S0022-5347(15)00172-X. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.082. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: To review our experience with Q-flap urethroplasty in children with Y-type duplication.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 2012, 6 children with Y-type urethral duplication underwent a single-stage urethral reconstruction using a Q-flap urethroplasty. Ventral hypospadic urethra was alwa
PMID 25623740

The use of dermal graft in severe chordee hypospadias repair: experience from Vietnam.

Son LT1, Hung LT, Thang LC, Linh NT.
Pediatric surgery international.Pediatr Surg Int.2015 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: Severe chordee with hypospadias may require repair by ventral corporoplasty with a free graft before urethroplasty. We report an 11 year experience with one-stage and two-stage hypospadias repair using dermal grafts.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 12/1997 to 12/2008, 47 hypospadias with severe
PMID 25573387

Two-stage urethroplasty is a better choice for proximal hypospadias with severe chordee after urethral plate transection: a single-center experience.

Zheng DC, Yao HJ, Cai ZK, Da J, Chen Q, Chen YB, Zhang K, Xu MX, Lu MJ, Wang Z1.
Asian journal of andrology.Asian J Androl.2015 Jan-Feb;17(1):94-7. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.137688.
It is still debatable whether single- or two-stage urethroplasty is a more suitable technique for treating hypospadias with severe chordee after urethral plate transection. This retrospective study evaluated these two techniques. A total of 66 patients of proximal hypospadias with severe chordee wer
PMID 25248656

Japanese Journal

Long-term clinical course in three patients with MAMLD1 mutations

Endocrine Journal advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005162970

Modified Koyanagi's procedure for proximal hypospadias : Our experience

International journal of urology 17(3), 294-296, 2010-03-01
NAID 10027257718

8.重度chordeeを伴った尿道下裂に対する新術式(要望演題・一般演題,第28回日本小児内視鏡外科・手術手技研究会)

日本小児外科学会雑誌 45(2), 294, 2009-04-20
NAID 110007161722

「尿道索」

Chordee
	Classification and external resources
	; A human penis with chordee.
ICD-10	N48.8 (ILDS N48.83), Q54.4
ICD-9	752.63

　　[★]

英: chordee
関: 陰茎索、尿道下裂

「陰茎索」

　　[★]

英: chordee
関: 尿道索

[1] OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /ˈkɔːɹdiː/.

[2] "AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS: Circumcision Policy Statement", Pediatrics 103 (3), 3 March 1999: 686–693, doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686, PMID 10049981, retrieved 19 August 2010

[3] Kaplan, M.D, George W (August 1983), "Complications of Circumcision", Urologic Clinics of North America 10 (3): Pages 543–549

[4] "Complications of Circumcision". Retrieved 19 August 2010.

[5] Palmer, MD, John M; Link, MD, Daniel (June 15, 1979) [1979], "Impotence Following Anesthesia for Elective Circumcision", Journal of the American Medical Association 241 (24): 2635–2636, doi:10.1001/jama.241.24.2635, PMID 439362

[pmid17707021-6] Braga LH, Pippi Salle JL, Dave S, Bagli DJ, Lorenzo AJ, Khoury AE (2007), "Outcome analysis of severe chordee correction using tunica vaginalis as a flap in boys with proximal hypospadias", J. Urol. 178 (4 Pt 2): 1693–7; discussion 1697, doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.166, PMID 17707021.

[7] Kaplan GW. Complications of circumcision. Urol Clin N Amer 1983;10:543-9.

匿名

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案内

案内

chordee