chicane

WordNet

a movable barrier used in motor racing; sometimes placed before a dangerous corner to reduce speed as cars pass in single file
a bridge hand that is void of trumps

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/11 01:31:20」(JST)

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For other uses, see Chicane (disambiguation).

Motor Racing[edit]

Ford Chicanes during the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans at the Circuit de la Sarthe.

On modern racing circuits, chicanes are usually located after long straights, making them a prime location for overtaking. They can be placed tactically by circuit designers to prevent vehicles from reaching speeds deemed to be unsafe. A prime example of this is the Tamburello chicane at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari, which was placed after Ayrton Senna's death at the original corner. At Circuit de la Sarthe, chicanes were placed alongside the 6‑km Mulsanne straight in order to slow down Le Mans Prototypes, which with Group C Prototypes went to speeds as high as 400 km/h.

Some tracks, such as the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, feature optional chicanes. Faster cars will take the chicane, but slower cars (such as amateur club racers) may avoid the chicane because they are not capable of reaching equally high speeds on the straights. Such chicanes are used at Watkins Glen International and Daytona International Speedway, where there are separate chicanes for cars and motorcycles.

Another example is the Tsukuba Circuit in Japan. A chicane was added after Turn 7, creating a right turn, followed immediately by a left. This chicane is used only for motorcycles. It was implemented to divert motorcycles from taking Turn 8, which is a high speed long sweeping right corner. Turn 8 was deemed to be unsafe for motorcycles, as immediately following this is a slow right hairpin corner. This means riders may still have been leaning to the left when being expected to begin braking for Turns 9 and 10.

The term is used in other types of racing, including bobsleigh and dogleg, to indicate a similar shift in the course or track.

"Mobile chicane" and "moving chicane" are terms often used to disparage slower drivers and vehicles who delay other competitors. In some cases they may not move out of the way quickly enough to allow competitors in higher positions (having completed more laps) past, despite repeated showings of blue flags. This can cost competitors valuable time and championship points. This same term, applied to traffic calming, can refer to the usage of portable devices to create a chicane configuration.

The Yas Marina Circuit's chicanes have become a subject of debate. For example, some of Formula One's top drivers feel that the chicane after the back straight disrupts the flow of races and impedes overtaking maneuvers.^{[citation needed]}

McLaren Team Principal Martin Whitmarsh feels that placing high speed corners after straights is a better option than using chicanes.^{[citation needed]}

Traffic calming[edit]

A chicane used for traffic calming.

Chicanes are a type of "horizontal deflection" used in traffic calming schemes to reduce the speed of traffic. Drivers are expected to reduce speed to negotiate the lateral displacement in the vehicle path.^[2] There are several variations of traffic calming chicanes, but they generally fall into one of two broad categories:

Single-lane working chicanes, which consist of staggered buildouts, narrowing the road so that traffic in one direction has to give way to opposing traffic
Two-way working chicanes, which use buildouts to provide deflection, but with lanes separated by road markings or a central island.

Limited accident data for chicane schemes indicate a reduction in injury accidents (54%) and accident severity.^[3]

Pedestrian[edit]

Chicane to prevent pedestrians from disregardful running across the track.

A pedestrian chicane is a kind of permanent fence used at a railway crossing to to slow pedestrians down and to force them to observe both directions before crossing the railway tracks. While passing the chicane, one has to turn to the left and to the right, increasing the probability of seeing an approaching train. A similar arrangement is sometimes used at the entrances of parks to impede bicycle or car access.

Slowing bicycles

References[edit]

^ , Merriam-Webster Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ A Road Safety Good Practice Guide for Highway Authorities, First Edition, Appendix A.6, TRL Limited, Judith Barker and Chris Baguley, for the UK Department for Transport, March 2006 (Accessed 16 August 2011)
^ UK Department for Transport Traffic Advisory Leaflet 12/97, December 1997 (Accessed 16 August 2011)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chicanes

Look up chicane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

English Journal

Tunable High-Intensity Electron Bunch Train Production Based on Nonlinear Longitudinal Space Charge Oscillation.

Zhang Z1, Yan L1, Du Y1, Zhou Z1, Su X1, Zheng L1, Wang D1, Tian Q1, Wang W1, Shi J1, Chen H1, Huang W1, Gai W1,2, Tang C1.
Physical review letters.Phys Rev Lett.2016 May 6;116(18):184801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.184801. Epub 2016 May 5.
High-intensity trains of electron bunches with tunable picosecond spacing are produced and measured experimentally with the goal of generating terahertz (THz) radiation. By imposing an initial density modulation on a relativistic electron beam and controlling the charge density over the beam propaga
PMID 27203327

The effects of cyclists present at rural intersections on speed behavior and workload of car drivers: a driving simulator study.

Duivenvoorden K1, Hogema J, Hagenzieker M, Wegman F.
Traffic injury prevention.Traffic Inj Prev.2015;16:254-9. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.937484.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to gain insight into how the number of cyclists, the cyclist's approach direction, and the cyclist's action affect the speed and mental workload of drivers approaching rural intersections. In addition, the effects of a speed-reducing measure on the interaction between cy
PMID 25000155

Correlated energy-spread removal with space charge for high-harmonic generation.

Hemsing E1, Marinelli A1, Marcus G1, Xiang D2.
Physical review letters.Phys Rev Lett.2014 Sep 26;113(13):134802. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
We study the effect of longitudinal space charge on the correlated energy spread of a relativistic high-brightness electron beam that has been density modulated for the emission of coherent, high-harmonic radiation. We show that, in the case of electron bunching induced by a laser modulator followed
PMID 25302893

Japanese Journal

Simultaneous determinations of U-Pb age and REE abundances for zircons using ArF excimer laser ablation-ICPMS

Iizuka Tsuyoshi,Hirata Takafumi
GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 38(3), 229-241, 2004
… A chicane-type ion lens system was applied to a quadrupole-based ICPMS instrument. … With the chicane ion lens, higher elemental sensitivity (4 times for light mass range and 3 times for mid to heavy mass range) and lower white background (<5 cps for light to mid mass range and <2 cps for heavy mass range) were achieved. …
NAID 130003904745

Generation, Diagnosis and Application of Femtosecond Electron Single Bunch.

上坂充,渡部貴宏,木下健一,菅原淳,原野英樹,上田徹,吉井康司,中島一久,酒井文雄,小瀧秀行,出羽秀紀,神門正城,近藤修司
日本原子力学会誌 42(4), 310-324, 2000
… A new S-band laser photocathode RF gun and chicane-type magnetic pulse compressor were installed in the twin linac system of Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo. …
NAID 130003910308

A Study on Geometric Form and Size of Chicanes and their Speed Control Effects.

青木英明,久保田尚,山田晴利,吉田朗
土木計画学研究・論文集 4, 253-260, 1986
… Second, several sets of chicane forms and sizes were selected and their speed control effects were investigated experimentally. … Measurements were repeated ten times for each chicane. …
NAID 130004039714

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