charnel

　 　

WordNet

1. gruesomely indicative of death or the dead; "a charnel smell came from the chest filled with dead mens bones"; "ghastly shrieks"; "the sepulchral darkness of the catacombs" (同)ghastly, sepulchral
2. a vault or building where corpses or bones are deposited (同)charnel

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1. 納骨堂

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/28 03:42:27」(JST)

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For the publisher of the same name, see Charnel House (publisher).

Contents of a Greek Orthodox charnel house showing disarticulated human skeletal remains

Charnel house of Amidadera temple (Nachikatsuura, Wakayama, Japan)

A charnel house is a vault or building where human skeletal remains are stored. They are often built near churches for depositing bones that are unearthed while digging graves. The term can also be used more generally as a description of a place filled with death and destruction.

Old World

In countries where ground suitable for burial was scarce, corpses would be interred for approximately five years following death, thereby allowing decomposition to occur. After this, the remains would be exhumed and moved to an ossuary or charnel house, thereby allowing the original burial place to be reused. In modern times, the use of charnel houses is a characteristic of cultures living in rocky or arid places, such as the Cyclades archipelago and other Greek islands in the Aegean Sea.

Monastery of the Transfiguration (Saint Catherine's), Mt. Sinai

Charnel House at Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai

Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai is famous for having a working charnel house. Saint Catherine's was founded by Justinian in the early 6th, on the site of an older monastery founded about 313 AD and named for Helena of Constantinople. The monastery comprises the whole Autonomous Church of Sinai, under the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The site lies at the foot of Mount Sinai where Christians believe Moses received the Ten Commandments.

Since the Sinai is an inhospitable place, the brethren of St. Catherine's have struggled to eke out a subsistence-level existence. The difficulty in establishing a large cemetery in the rocky ground notwithstanding, relics are also gathered for temporal and spiritual reasons: a reminder to the monks of their impending death and fate in the hereafter. The Archbishop of Saint Catherine's is commonly the Abbot as well. After death, he is afforded the dignity of a special niche within the "Skull-House".

New World

A charnel house is also a structure commonly seen in some Native American societies of the Eastern United States. Major examples would be the Hopewell cultures and Mississippian cultures. These houses were used specifically for mortuary services and, although they required many more resources to build and maintain than a crypt, they were widely used. They offered privacy and shelter as well as enough workspace for mortuary proceedings. These proceedings included cremation (in the included crematorium) as well as defleshing of the body before the cremation. Once the houses had served their purpose, they were burned to the ground and covered by earth, creating a sort of burial mound.

See also

• Mortuary house
• Ossuary

References

Sources

• Papaioannou, Evangelos (1980) The Monastery of St. Catherine, Sinai, St. Catherine's Monastery: Guidebook, 48 pp., Cairo: Isis Press.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• Media related to Charnel house at Wikimedia Commons

English Journal

• Philadelphia doctor who ran "baby charnel house" is charged with murder.

• Tanne JH.
• BMJ (Clinical research ed.).BMJ.2011 Jan 25;342:d489. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d489.
• PMID 21266436

• [Healing and helping in Hallstatt--on the medical history of mining town in Salzkammergut].

• Schaller A1.
• Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).Wien Med Wochenschr.2001;151(13-14):319-26.
• The medical care practiced at Hallstatt was specifically influenced by its salt mine, well known since prehistoric times, and by the isolated location of this place lying on a lake as well as in the mountains. Since the 16th century the Hallstatt saltworks had a hospital, with a special isolation wa
• PMID 11582997

• The Tyrolean Iceman and excavated human remains as sources of information about the past, the present, and the future.

• Sjøvold T1.
• International journal of circumpolar health.Int J Circumpolar Health.1998;57 Suppl 1:49-54.
• The 5,200-year-old mummy of the so-called "Iceman" found in the Tyrolean Alps in September 1991 has not only provided unique information about the European Stone Age, but has also supported disciplines of glaciology and paleoclimatology, contributed to medical history, age-at-death determination, an
• PMID 10093245

• Cannibalism in Chaco Canyon: the charnel pit excavated in 1926 at Small House ruin by Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr.

• Turner CG 2nd1.
• American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.1993 Aug;91(4):421-39.
• A charnel pit that contained the disarticulated and intentionally damaged remains of eight incomplete adult and subadult Anasazi skeletons was found and excavated in 1926 by F.H.H. Roberts, Jr., at an AD 900 ruin he named Small House, located in Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico. Damage includes
• PMID 8372934

Japanese Journal

• 記憶をつなぐ都市の余白―鎌倉における境内の再構築―

• 森山 可菜,MORIYAMA Kana
• 法政大学大学院紀要　デザイン工学研究科編 (3), 2014-03-31
• … This project propose a new theater that a favorite haunt where people gather and a charnel that runs a theater continuously in the precincts of a temple in Kamakura. …
• NAID 120005423280

• 土葬から火葬へ : 新たな納骨施設設営の上での3つのタイプ : 熊本県下の事例より (開館三〇周年記念論文集Ⅱ)

• 関沢 まゆみ
• 国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 183, 231-244, 2014-03
• NAID 40020158093

• 日本軍が中国に建設した十三基の忠霊塔

• 横山 篤夫
• 日本研究 49, 57-116, 2014-03
• … Following the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), the Japanese army built five nōkotsushi (charnel house) in the southern part of Northeast China (hereafter "Manchuria") to house the ashes of their war dead. …
• NAID 120005495237

• 次元の開けとしての制度化:メルロ＝ポンティの歴史論

• 廣瀬 浩司
• メルロ＝ポンティ研究 18(0), 65-78, 2014
• … Mais ce milieu implique essentiellement un écart par rapport à luimême que notre pratique institutionnelle doit « enjamber » de manière à faire apparaître le champ charnel de la genèse du sens. …
• NAID 130004692180

Related Links

• Charnel | Define Charnel at Dictionary.com

Charnel definition, a repository for dead bodies. See more. Thesaurus Translate Puzzles & Games Reference Word of the Day Blog Slideshows Apps by Dictionary My Account Log Out Log In follow Dictionary.com Dictionary ...

• charnel - definition of charnel by The Free Dictionary

char·nel (chär′nəl) n. A repository for the bones or bodies of the dead; a charnel house. adj. Resembling, suggesting, or suitable for receiving the dead. [Middle English, from Old French, from Late Latin carnāle, from neuter of Latin carnālis ...

• charnelの意味 - 英和辞書 - 英語辞書 - goo辞書

charnelとは。意味や和訳。[名]死体安置所，納骨堂. [形]死体安置所の（ような）；死のような；ぞっとする；陰うつな. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。

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