WordNet
- one who accompanies and supervises a young woman or gatherings of young people (同)chaperone
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 10代の少年少女の主催するパーティーに付き添う人;若い未婚の女性が社交場に出るときに付き添う年配の婦人 / 〈若い婦人,特に10代の女子〉'を'付き添い役をする
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/22 20:18:53」(JST)
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English Journal
- Mechanisms underlying the additive and redundant Qrr phenotypes in Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae.
- Hunter GA, Keener JP.Author information Mathematics Department, University of Utah, 155E 1400 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Electronic address: Geoffrey.Hunter@utah.edu.AbstractVibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae regulate their virulence factors according to the local cell-population density in a regulatory system called quorum sensing. Their quorum sensing systems contain a small RNA (sRNA) circuit to regulate expression of a master transcriptional regulator via multiple quorum regulated RNA (Qrr) and a protein chaperon Hfq. Experiments and genetic analysis show that their respective quorum sensing networks are topologically equivalent and have homologous components, yet they respond differently to the same experimental conditions. In particular, V. harveyi Qrr are additive because all of its Qrr are required to maintain wild-type-like repression of its master transcriptional regulator. Conversely, V. cholerae Qrr are redundant because any of its Qrr is sufficient to repress its master transcriptional regulator. Given the striking similarities between their quorum sensing systems, experimentalists have been unable to identify conclusively the mechanisms behind these phenotypic differences. Nevertheless, the current hypothesis in the literature is that dosage compensation is the mechanism underlying redundancy. In this work, we identify the mechanisms underlying Qrr redundancy using a detailed mathematical model of the V. harveyi and V. cholerae sRNA circuits. We show that there are exactly two different cases underlying Qrr redundancy and that dosage compensation is unnecessary and insufficient to explain Qrr redundancy. Although V. harveyi Qrr are additive when the perturbations in Qrr are large, we predict that V. harveyi and V. cholerae Qrr are redundant when the perturbations in Qrr are small. We argue that the additive and redundant Qrr phenotypes can emerge from parametric differences in the sRNA circuit. In particular, we find that the affinity of Qrr and its expression relative to the master transcriptional regulator determine the level of redundancy in V. harveyi and V. cholerae. Furthermore, the additive and redundant Qrr phenotypes reflect differences in the concentration of Hfq-Qrr in V. harveyi and V. cholerae. We use our model to test the dosage compensation hypothesis and show that decreasing the expression of qrr, rather than removing dosage compensation, abolishes Qrr redundancy in V. cholerae. Further experimentation is needed to test our results and both Qrr redundancy hypotheses.
- Journal of theoretical biology.J Theor Biol.2014 Jan 7;340:38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.08.034. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
- Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae regulate their virulence factors according to the local cell-population density in a regulatory system called quorum sensing. Their quorum sensing systems contain a small RNA (sRNA) circuit to regulate expression of a master transcriptional regulator via multiple q
- PMID 24018202
- Protein disulfide isomerase p5-immunopositive inclusions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- Honjo Y, Horibe T, Torisawa A, Ito H, Nakanishi A, Mori H, Komiya T, Takahashi R, Kawakami K.Author information Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.AbstractAmyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the major pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). NFTs are composed of tubular filaments and paired helical filaments containing polymerized hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Another feature of AD is excessive generation of nitric oxide (NO). Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a chaperon protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It was recently reported that NO-induced S-nitrosylation of PDI inhibits its enzymatic activity, leading to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, and activates the unfolded protein response. In addition, we previously reported the presence of PDI-immunopositive NFTs in AD. Here, we found that protein disulfide isomerase P5 (P5), which is a member of the PDI protein family, was co-localized with tau in NFTs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P5-immunopositive inclusion in AD. Furthermore, we showed that S-nitrosylated P5 was present and the expression level of P5 was decreased in AD brains compared with that of control brains. We also demonstrated that the knock-down of PDI or P5 by siRNA could affect the viability of SH-SY5Y cells under ER stress. Previously, the observation of S-nitrosylated PDI in AD was reported. NO may inhibit P5 by inducing S-nitrosylation in the same manner as PDI, which inhibits its enzymatic activity allowing protein misfolding to occur in AD. The accumulation of misfolded proteins induces ER stress and may cause apoptosis of neuronal cells through S-nitrosylation and down-regulation of PDI and P5 in AD.
- Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD.J Alzheimers Dis.2014 Jan 1;38(3):601-9. doi: 10.3233/JAD-130632.
- Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the major pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). NFTs are composed of tubular filaments and paired helical filaments containing polymerized hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Another feature of AD is excessive generation of nitr
- PMID 24037032
- The oncogenic role of hepatitis C virus.
- Koike K.Author information Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, kkoike-tky@umin.ac.jp.AbstractPersistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk toward development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains controversial in the pathogenesis of HCC associated with HCV whether the virus plays a direct or an indirect role. The observation that chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained high levels of serum alanine aminotransferase are prone to develop HCC suggests the significance of inflammation in hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis C. However, the rare development of HCC in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, which is accompanied by robust inflammation, even after the progress into cirrhosis, implies a possibility of the direct role of HCV in HCC development. What is the role of HCV, a simple plus-stranded RNA virus, whose genome is never integrated into the host genome, in hepatocarcinogenesis? The studies using transgenic mouse and cultured cell models, in which the HCV proteins are expressed, indicate the direct pathogenicity of HCV, including oncogenic activities. In particular, the core protein of HCV induces overproduction of oxidative stress by impairing the mitochondrial electron transfer system, through insulting the function of molecular chaperon, prohibitin. HCV also modulates the intracellular signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase, leading to the acquisition of growth advantage by hepatocytes. In addition, HCV induces disorders in lipid and glucose metabolisms, thereby accelerating the progression of liver fibrosis and HCC development. These results would provide a clue for further understanding of the role of HCV in pathogenesis of persistent HCV infection including hepatocarcinogenesis.
- Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer.Recent Results Cancer Res.2014;193:97-111. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38965-8_6.
- Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk toward development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains controversial in the pathogenesis of HCC associated with HCV whether the virus plays a direct or an indirect role. The observation that chronic hepatitis C pati
- PMID 24008295
Japanese Journal
- Pseudomonas putida由来armXの解析と遺伝子クローニング
- 鈴木 康司,坂本 幸平
- 茨城工業高等専門学校研究彙報 48, 35-39, 2013-03-01
- … The new heat shock protein and the chaperon activity, however, could not be detected in the E. …
- NAID 110009557243
- A Distinct Binding Mode of Archaeal Ribonuclease P Proteins to RNA
- ISHIHARA Masato,NISHIMOTO Etsuko,YAMASHITA Shoji [他]
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 76(12), 2335-2337, 2012-12-00
- NAID 40019531345
- ヒトαBクリスタリンP39R変異体の会合状態および凝集抑制活性 (京都大学原子炉実験所第46回学術講演会報文集)
- 沼本 修孝,喜田 昭子,藤井 紀子 [他]
- 京都大学原子炉実験所学術講演会報文集 46(-) (-), 213-217, 2012-01-00
- NAID 40019175104
Related Links
- San Francisco Visitors Guide by Chaperon. This detailed, free San Francisco Guide provides you useful information about San Francisco and the surrounding Bay Area including maps, attractions, restaurants, shopping, sightseeing, museums, ...
- Chaperone or Chaperon may refer to: Chaperone (social) or chaperon, an adult who accompanies or supervises young people on social occasions; Chaperone ( clinical), a person who acts as a witness for a patient and a medical practitioner ...
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