chapeau

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/24 01:49:57」(JST)

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Heraldic Chapeau Azure

A Knights of Columbus Fourth Degree Chapeau

This article is about the headgear. For other uses, see Chapeau (disambiguation).

"Chapeau" is a French term signifying a hat or other covering for the head. In mainland European heraldry, it is used as a mark of ecclesiastical dignity, especially that of cardinals, which is called the red chapeau. It is worn over the shield by way of crest, as mitres and coronets are.

A chapeau is flat, very narrow atop, but with a broad brim, adorned with long silken strings interlaced; suspended from within with rows of tassels, called by the Italians focci, increasing in number as they come lower. The hat was given to them by Innocent IV in 1250, but was not used in arms till the year 1300. Until that time, the cardinals were represented with mitres.

Archbishops and patriarchs bore a green hat, with four rows of tassels; bishops wore the same color, but with three; abbots and apostolical prothonotaries with two. The chapeau is also sometimes used as a mark of secular dignity, such as a cap, or coronet armed with ermine, worn by dukes, etc.

The crest is borne on the chapeau; and by the chapeau the crest and coat are separated; it being a rule that no crest must touch the shield immediately.

1813 cartoon showing the chapeau-bras (collapsible bicorne) carried under the arm

Some forms of bicorne were designed to be folded flat, so that they could be conveniently tucked underneath the arm when not being worn. A bicorne of this style is also known as a chapeau-bras or chapeau-de-bras (literally "arm-hat").

Chapeau! is often used as a generic expression of approval and appreciation in France and other parts of Europe: as a sign of admiration or respect, one shall indeed remove their hat ^[1]

Anglophone heraldries

In the Anglophone heraldries, a chapeau or cap of maintenance is a specific kind of hat.^[2] It occurs as a charge, but also more importantly as an exterior ornament, signifying rank.

The use of the chapeau in English heraldry is not as clear cut and regulated as in Scotland.

References

^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jul/07/tvandradio.theguide1 Chapeau!
^ See for example the pictures and verbal descriptions in the introduction to the Lyon Court 'Information leaflet Number 2 - Crest Badges'; and examples in the coats of The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland and of Failsworth Urban District Council in England.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "^{article name needed}". Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (first ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.

External links

The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland: Chapeau

English Journal

The influence of cheese composition and microstructure on the diffusion of macromolecules: A study using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP).

Chapeau AL1, Silva JV1, Schuck P1, Thierry A1, Floury J2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:660-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.053. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
In cheese technology, the diffusion phenomena are crucial during ripening. The technique of Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching was applied for the first time on real cheese, in order to investigate the relationships between molecular diffusion and the cheese composition and/or its microstruc
PMID 26304396

"Chapeau de gendarme"--a frontomesial ictal sign?

Leitinger M1, Höfler J1, Deak I1, Kalss G1, Rohracher A1, Kuchukhidze G1, Trinka E2.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B.Epilepsy Behav.2015 Mar;44:258-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.12.033. Epub 2015 Feb 8.
PMID 25669591

Reply to the letter to the editor '"Chapeau de gendarme": a fronto-mesial ictal sign?' by Leitinger et al.

Chassoux F1.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B.Epilepsy Behav.2015 Mar;44:260. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.12.038. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
PMID 25659183

Japanese Journal

[日本国際経済法学会第18回研究大会]第2分科会:公法系信義誠実則の表象としてのGATT20条柱書--ブラジル・再生タイヤの輸入事件を素材に

小林献一
日本国際経済法学会年報 (18), 127-144, 2009
NAID 40016958423

<no title>

CHAPEAU-BLONDEAU F.
Sign. Process 83, 665, 2003
NAID 30008464920

<no title>

CHAPEAU-BLONDEAU F.
IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 50, 2160, 2002
NAID 80015502301

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[1] ttp://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jul/07/tvandradio.theguide1 Chapeau!

[2] See for example the pictures and verbal descriptions in the introduction to the Lyon Court 'Information leaflet Number 2 - Crest Badges'; and examples in the coats of The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland and of Failsworth Urban District Council in England.

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