WordNet

recite with musical intonation; recite as a chant or a psalm; "The rabbi chanted a prayer" (同)intone, intonate, cantillate
a repetitive song in which as many syllables as necessary are assigned to a single tone
sung or uttered rhythmically in a monotone; "a chanted psalm"

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〈C〉(単調なリズムで繰り変される)歌 / (一つの音で単調に歌われる)詠唱 / (詠唱調で歌われる)聖歌 / …'を'丹調に繰り返して歌う(叫ぶ) / …'を'詠唱する / (一般に)…'を'歌う / 丹調に繰り返して歌う(叫ぶ) / 詠唱する;聖歌を歌う
(…に対する)強い好み《+『for』+『名』(do『ing』)》
魅惑的な,うっとりさせる
=merchant marine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/11 19:55:56」(JST)

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For other uses, see Chant (disambiguation).

Chant (from French chanter^[1]) is the rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later Middle Ages some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).^[2]

	Pange Lingua sung in Latin The Latin text of Pange Lingua sung to its traditional melody, mode iii Gregorian chant.
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Chant as a spiritual practice

Chanting (e.g., mantra, sacred text, the name of God/Spirit, etc.) is a commonly used spiritual practice. Like prayer, chant may be a component of either personal or group practice. Diverse spiritual traditions consider chant a route to spiritual development.

Some examples include chant in African, Hawaiiian, and Native American cultures, Gregorian chant, Vedic chant, Jewish hazzan, Qur'an reading, Baha'i chants, various Buddhist chants, various mantras, and the chanting of psalms and prayers especially in Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican churches (see Anglican Chant).

Chant practices vary. Tibetan Buddhist chant involves throat singing, where multiple pitches are produced by each performer. The concept of chanting mantras is of particular significance in many Hindu traditions and other closely related Dharmic Religions. For example, the Hare Krishna movement is based especially on the chanting of Sanskrit Names of God in the Vaishnava tradition. Japanese Shigin (詩吟), or 'chanted poetry', mirrors Zen Buddhist principles and is sung from the Dan tien (or lower abdomen) — the locus of power in Eastern traditions.

Variants of chant

Chants are used in a variety of settings, such as from ritual to recreational. Supporters or players in sports contests may use some, such as football chants. Battle cries are a type of chant heard on ancient battlefields. Protesters will use chants that are used by many groups with only a few words changed to reflect their particular topic. Auctioneers use auction chants or bid calling to focus the buyers' attention on the bidding process and drive up the price of the item for sale.

Recently, aggressive forms of music such as hardcore punk and grindcore have begun to use chanting. Many times during a breakdown (the segment of the song where the time signature is half counted or significantly slowed in some way), the singer will recite a chant to get the entire audience involved and create a feeling of passion throughout the room causing the overall reaction to the music, including in the pits, to be more intense. Reggae and rap music, both of which are primarily spoken rather than sung, depend heavily on a highly rhythmic delivery with many elements of chant, particularly in the chorus sections.

Traditional chant in popular culture

Chant is a popular component of film scores, such as The Lord of the Rings film trilogy by Howard Shore, Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace by John Williams, Ghost in the Shell by Kenji Kawai, and Man vs. Godzilla by Akira Ifukube, and video game scores such as the Halo series by Martin O'Donnell and Michael Salvatori.

While authentic traditional chant has occasionally figured into modern popular music in brief intros, interludes or atmospheric background usage, one of the earliest notable, fundamental uses of traditional chant in modern pop came from Enigma, who sampled Gregorian chants over trance beats for a successful series of albums and singles. Their 1990 debut single "Sadeness (Part I)" became one of the biggest dance and pop music hits of the year, topping charts around the world, while their song "Return to Innocence" uses a chant in the Taiwanese Aboriginal language Amis.

References

^ Online Etymology Dictionary
^ Stolba, K. Marie (1994). The Development of Western Music: A History, 2nd Ed. WCB, Iowa.

External links

Look up chant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A site about Vedic chants
Traditional Buddhist Chants (Texts and Audio) as in the Buddhist Encyclopedia

English Journal

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a CS20(®) protective barrier gel containing OGT compared with topical aciclovir and placebo on functional and objective symptoms of labial herpes recurrences: a randomized clinical trial.

Khemis A, Duteil L, Coudert AC, Tillet Y, Dereure O, Ortonne JP.SourceService de Dermatologie, Hôpital L'Archet 2, 151, route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France Laboratoires Carilène, 7, rue du Chant des Oiseaux, 78360 Montesson, France White-Tillet Consultants & Experts 35, rue Franck Hémon, 77500 Chelles, France Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 avenue A Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2012 Oct;26(10):1240-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04269.x. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
Background Topical or systemic antiviral drugs reduce the duration of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) recurrences but may not alleviate functional symptoms. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of CS20 (Acura 24(®) ) protective barrier gel versus topical aciclovir and placebo in resolv
PMID 21981375

Nurse- vs nomogram-directed glucose control in a cardiovascular intensive care unit.

Chant C, Mustard M, Thorpe KE, Friedrich JO.SourcePharmacy Department, Critical Care Department at St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.Am J Crit Care.2012 Jul;21(4):270-8.
BACKGROUND: Paper-based nomograms are reasonably effective for achieving glycemic control but have low adherence and are less adaptive than nurses' judgment.OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy (glucose control) and safety (hypoglycemia) achieved by use of a paper nomogram versus nurses' judgment.METHODS:
PMID 22751370

Evaluating the effectiveness of intervention in long-term aphasia post-stroke: the experience from CHANT (Communication Hub for Aphasia in North Tyneside).

Mumby K, Whitworth A.SourceSpeech and Language Sciences, School of Education Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
International journal of language & communication disorders / Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists.Int J Lang Commun Disord.2012 Jul;47(4):398-412. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2012.00153.x. Epub 2012 May 23.
Background: Despite recognition of the need for increased long-term support for people with aphasia following stroke, there remains limited evidence for effective service-level interventions. Aims: To evaluate the outcomes and experiences of people participating in the Communication Hub for Aphasia
PMID 22788226

Japanese Journal

ヨワ吟の音色をつかさどる装飾音「イロ」 : 17世紀初頭『石田少左衛門盛直節附本』における

丹羽幸江
研究紀要 (34), 22-31, 2015-03-15
NAID 110009901340

熊野観心十界曼荼羅とそのルーツ(10)宝幢院本地蔵十王図,老いの坂・両婦地獄・釘念仏のルーツ

宮川充司
椙山女学園大学研究論集人文科学篇 (46), 121-131, 2015
NAID 40020376629

フラ衣装用型紙自動生成に関する基礎研究

坂本眞人,久保山春奈
宮崎大學工學部紀要 43, 235-238, 2014-07-31
… Hawaiian Hula was considered to be a religious holy performance by chant and traditional instruments. …
NAID 120005474594

返シを謡うということ : [上ゲ歌]形成の一過程とその応用

高桑いづみ
能と狂言 (12), 114-127, 2014-07
NAID 40020186643

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