WordNet

of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid) (同)cyst

PrepTutorEJDIC

大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
小嚢,小胞,小水(気)胞,小空胞

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1. 常染色体優性多発性嚢胞腎の腎外症状 extrarenal manifestations of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
2. 環状皮膚病変が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with annular skin lesions
3. 水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス感染症の疫学および病因：帯状疱疹 epidemiology and pathogenesis of varicella zoster virus infection herpes zoster
4. 皮膚の水疱を有する患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with cutaneous blisters
5. 小児および思春期における急性ウイルス性脳炎：臨床症状および診断 acute viral encephalitis in children and adolescents clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Permeability of the blood-tumor barrier is enhanced by combining vascular endothelial growth factor with papaverine.

Yang ZH1, Liu LB, Zhao LN, Liu YH, Xue YX.Author information 1Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.AbstractThis study aims to determine the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), papaverine (PA), and the combination of VEGF and PA on the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) and to determine possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the effects. In the rat C6 glioma model, the extravasation of Evans blue (EB) through the BTB was increased significantly by VEGF and PA. VEGF-induced and PA-induced increase of EB extravasation was further increased after combining VEGF with PA infusion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the combination of VEGF and PA not only opened tight junctions (TJ) dramatically but increased the presence of pinocytotic vesicles of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) significantly. Meanwhile, the downregulation of the TJ-associated proteins occludin and claudin-5 and the upregulation of the caveolae structure proteins caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 caused by the combination of VEGF and PA were observed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, which were more remarkable than those by the two strategies separately. In addition, after VEGF and PA infusion, the results of radioimmunoassay, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed a significant increase in expression levels of cGMP and protein kinase G-1 (PKG-1) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. This study demonstrates that combination of VEGF and PA can increase the permeability of the BTB by a paracellular pathway (downregulation of occludin and claudin-5) and a transcellular pathway (upregulation of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2) and that the cGMP/PKG/NF-κB signal pathway might be involved in the modulation process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2014 Jun;92(6):703-13. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23348. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
This study aims to determine the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), papaverine (PA), and the combination of VEGF and PA on the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) and to determine possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the effects. In the rat C6 glioma model, the
PMID 24523141

Dynein dysfunction disrupts β-amyloid clearance in astrocytes through endocytic disturbances.

Kimura N1, Okabayashi S, Ono F.Author information 1aSection of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi bTsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation cThe Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Tsukuba, Japan.AbstractWe showed previously that aging attenuates the interaction between dynein-dynactin complexes in cynomolgus monkey brain and that dynein dysfunction reproduces age-dependent endocytic disturbances, resulting in intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, synaptic vesicle transport deficits, and neuritic swelling. It remains unclear whether such endocytic disturbances also occur in glial cells. Here, we show that endocytic pathology, such as intracellular accumulation of enlarged endosomes, occurs in astrocytes of aged monkey brains. Also, Aβ accumulates in these enlarged endosomes. RNA interference studies have shown that dynein dysfunction reproduces astroglial endocytic pathology and disrupts Aβ clearance in astrocytes through endocytic disturbances. These findings suggest that endocytic disturbances can alter astroglial functions and may also be involved in age-dependent Aβ pathology.
Neuroreport.Neuroreport.2014 May 7;25(7):514-20. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000124.
We showed previously that aging attenuates the interaction between dynein-dynactin complexes in cynomolgus monkey brain and that dynein dysfunction reproduces age-dependent endocytic disturbances, resulting in intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, synaptic vesicle transport deficits, and neur
PMID 24556945

The role of mammalian superaquaporins inside the cell.

Ishibashi K1, Tanaka Y2, Morishita Y3.Author information 1Department of Medical Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kishiba@my-pharm.ac.jp.2Department of Medical Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.3Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.AbstractBACKGROUND: The mammalian two superaquaporins, AQP11 and AQP12, are present inside the cell and their null phenotypes in mice suggest their unusual functions.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 May;1840(5):1507-1512. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.039. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
BACKGROUND: The mammalian two superaquaporins, AQP11 and AQP12, are present inside the cell and their null phenotypes in mice suggest their unusual functions.SCOPE OF REVIEW: The surveyed literature on these superaquaporins and our unpublished data has been incorporated to speculate their roles.MAJO
PMID 24189537

Japanese Journal

Generation of Prolactin-like Neurons in the Dorsal Strand of Ascidians

Terakado Kiyoshi
Zoological Science 27(7), 581-588, 2010-07-00
… PMID: 20608847The adult ascidian neural complex forms from a thin tube called the neurohypophyseal duct and from the primordium of the cerebral ganglion from the sensory vesicle in metamorphosing larvae. … Neurohypophyseal duct cells, located in the anterior left side of the sensory vesicle of swimming larvae, are derived from the anterior embryonic neural plate, which expresses common transcription factors in vertebrates and urochordates. …
NAID 40017358617

全前脳胞症における全球脳の形態発生とMRI所見

宇都宮英綱
脳神経外科ジャーナル 13(6), 454-464, 2004-06-20
… 形態学的側面からみた奇形性(脳形成不全性)水頭症の診断は,正常な脳室の形態発生を正しく理解したうえではじめて可能となる.なかでも発生の初期段階における脳胞(brain vesicle)の分化と発達の理解は,中枢神経奇形の診断のみならず,複雑に進化した脳形態を理解するためにも,きわめて重要である.本稿では,まず正常な前脳の分化と発達を,従来の発生学的知見に基づいて概説する.また,前脳の分割異常で生ずる全前脳胞症 …
NAID 110003813912