関: ventriculography

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of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual

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大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/26 05:15:05」(JST)

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Pneumoencephalography (sometimes abbreviated PEG) was a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image. It was derived from ventriculography, an earlier and more primitive method where the air is injected through holes drilled in the skull.

The procedure was introduced in 1919 by the American neurosurgeon Walter Dandy.^[1]

Pneumoencephalography was performed extensively throughout the early 20th century, but it was extremely painful. The test was generally not well tolerated by patients. Headaches and severe vomiting were common side effects. Replacement of the drained spinal fluid is by slow natural production, and therefore required recovery for as long as 2–3 months before normal fluid volumes were restored. Video of the procedure is documented in a BBC documentary of an early EMI installation. [1].

Modern imaging techniques such as MRI and Computed tomography have rendered pneumoencephalography obsolete.^[2] Today, pneumoencephalography is limited to the research field and is used under rare circumstances. A related procedure is pneumomyelography, where gas is used similarly to investigate the spinal canal.

Pneumoencephalography appears in popular culture in the movie The Exorcist (1973), when Linda Blair's Regan MacNeil character undergoes the procedure. It is also referred to in Episode 7, Season 7 of House M.D. as an example of a dangerous procedure.

References[edit source | edit]

^ "Walter Dandy". Walter Dandy. Society of Neurological Surgeons. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
^ Greenberg, Mark (2010). Handbook of Neurosurgery. Thieme.

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English Journal

The role of imaging in the development of neurosurgery.

Kirkman MA1.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2015 Jan;22(1):55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.05.024. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
The development of modern neurosurgery was, and remains, intimately associated with developments in radiology. Neuroimaging advances have been instrumental in improving patient care and reducing both morbidity and mortality for neurosurgical patients. The purpose of this narrative review is to provi
PMID 25150767

[Symptomatic seizure associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case report].

Kato K1, Asami M, Wanifuchi H.
No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery.No Shinkei Geka.2014 Nov;42(11):1039-43. doi: 10.11477/mf.1436200030.
A 68-year-old woman was admitted for symptomatic seizure. She had a history of cerebral infarction in the right fronto-temporal lobes, and was medicated for the symptomatic seizure with valproic acid. Her electrocardiogram(EEG)showed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, and V2-V6. Emergency c
PMID 25351800

Poor correlation between head circumference and cranial ultrasound findings in premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Ingram MC1, Huguenard AL, Miller BA, Chern JJ.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2014 Aug;14(2):184-9. doi: 10.3171/2014.5.PEDS13602. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
OBJECT: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common cause of hydrocephalus in the pediatric population and is particularly common in preterm infants. The decision to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt or ventricular access device is based on physical examination findings and radiographic im
PMID 24950469

Japanese Journal

Cardioscopic Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombi : With Special Reference to a Comparison With Left Ventriculography and Echocardiography

UCHIDA Yasuto,UCHIDA Yasumi,SAKURAI Takeshi,KANAI Masahito,SHIRAI Seiichiro,NAKAGAWA Osamu
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 75(8), 1920-1926, 2011-07-25
… Background: Thrombosis occurs in the left ventricle and causes ischemic cerebral attacks. … Although invasive, cardioscopy was more sensitive in detecting LVT than left ventriculography, and non-contrast and contrast echocardiography. …
NAID 10029127978

Ampulla (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy Associated With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Worsening in the Late Phase of Vasospasm : Case Report

ONO Yasuki,KAWAMURA Tsuyoshi,ITO Jun,KANAYAMA Shigeaki,MIURA Takeshi,KIKUCHI Fumitaka
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 44(2), 72-74, 2004-02-15
… A 66-year-old woman presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) caused by a ruptured aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery. … Coronary angiography showed no abnormalities, but left ventriculography showed severe hypokinesia in the apex of the heart consistent with so-called ampulla (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. …
NAID 110002277182

Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus Formation in a Patient With Suspected Tako-Tsubo-Like Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Kurisu Satoshi,Inoue Ichiro,Kawagoe Takuji,Ishihara Masaharu,Shimatani Yuji,Nishioka Kenji,Umemura Takashi,Nakamura Suji,Yoshida Masashi,Sato Hikaru
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 67(6), 556-558, 2003-05-20
… Coronary angiography did not reveal any significant coronary artery stenosis, but left ventriculography revealed severe hypokinesis of the left ventricular apical region, which contained a 4×4-mm solid thrombus moving freely with a wavy motion. … Her clinical course suggested that the transient cerebral ischemic attack was caused by embolism of the left ventricular thrombus associated with 'tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction'. …
NAID 110002666352