WordNet

either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx (同)palatine_tonsil, faucial_tonsil, tonsilla
a large number or amount; "made lots of new friends"; "she amassed stacks of newspapers" (同)dozens, heaps, lots, piles, scores, stacks, loads, rafts, slews, wads, oodles, gobs, scads, lashings
relating to or associated with the cerebellum; "cerebellar artery"

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扁桃腺(へんとうせん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/11 15:39:32」(JST)

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The cerebellar tonsil is analogous to a rounded lobule on the undersurface of each cerebellar hemisphere, continuous medially with the uvula of the cerebellar vermis and superiorly by the flocculonodular lobe (source: Biology Online) Synonyms include: tonsilla cerebelli, amygdala cerebelli, the latter of which is not to be confused with the cerebral tonsils or amydgala nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum which can also be confused for the cerebellar tonsils, is one of three lobes that make up the overall composition of the cerebellum. The cerebellum consists of three anatomical and functional lobes: anterior lobe, posterior lobe, and flocculonodular lobe.

Elongation of the cerebellar tonsils can, due to pressure, lead to this portion of the cerebellum to slip or be pushed through the foramen magnum of the skull resulting is tonsillar herniation. This is a life-threatening condition as it causes increased pressure on the medulla oblongata which contains respiratory and cardiac control centres.

Pathology

A Type I Chiari malformation is a congenital anomaly of the brain in which the cerebellar tonsils are elongated and pushed down through the opening of the base of the skull (see foramen magnum), blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as it exits through the medial and lateral apertures of the fourth ventricle. Also called cerebellar tonsillar ectopia, or tonsillar herniation. Although often congenital, Chiari malformation symptoms can also be induced due to physical head trauma, commonly from raised intracranial pressure secondary to a hematoma, or increased dural strain pulling the brain caudally into the foramen magnum. Head trauma increases risk of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia by a factor of 4. Ectopia may be present but asymptomatic until whiplash causes it to become symptomatic.^[1]

Additional images

Human cerebellum anterior view
Human brain midsagittal view
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.
Cerebellum. Inferior surface.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Freeman, MD (2010). "A case-control study of cerebellar tonsillar ectopia (Chiari) and head/neck trauma (whiplash).". Brain Injury 24 (7-8): 988–94. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.490512. PMID 20545453. Retrieved 4 February 2015.

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English Journal

Long-term tumor control of spinal dissemination of cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme by combined adjuvant bevacizumab antibody therapy: a case report.

Linsenmann T, Monoranu CM, Vince GH, Westermaier T, Hagemann C, Kessler AF, Ernestus RI, Löhr M.
BMC research notes.BMC Res Notes.2014 Aug 7;7(1):496. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme located in the posterior fossa is extremely rare with a frequency up to 3.4%. Compared with glioblastoma of the hemispheres the prognosis of infratentorial glioblastoma seems to be slightly better. Absence of brainstem invasion and low expression rates of epiderma
PMID 25099491

A rare case of Chiari type-1 malformation accompanied by symptomatic cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia: comparison of congenital Chiari type-1 malformation and acquired Chiari malformation secondary to cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia: case report.

Hatae R1, Kohri R, Maeda K, Miyazono M.
Neurologia medico-chirurgica.Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo).2014 Jul 15;54(7):558-62. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
A 23-year-old woman was injured in a rear-end collision. She had general malaise and posterior neck pain, which were more severe when she was in an upright position. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of cerebellar tonsil descensus and syringomyelia in the spinal cord. Radioisoto
PMID 24477061

Posterior Fossa Decompression Combined with Resection of the Cerebellomedullary Fissure Membrane and Expansile Duraplasty: A Radical and Rational Surgical Treatment for Arnold-Chiari Type I Malformation.

Liang CJ1, Dong QJ, Xing YH, Shan M, Wen LX, Qiang ZY, Ping ZQ, Tao PZ, Ping HX.
Cell biochemistry and biophysics.Cell Biochem Biophys.2014 Jul 14. [Epub ahead of print]
This study aims to introduce a new surgical procedure for the treatment of Arnold-Chiari type I malformation (ACM-1) and to compare its effectiveness with the techniques described in previous studies. We performed the following procedures: foramen magnum decompression combined with the removal of bo
PMID 25018150

Japanese Journal

後下小脳動脈内側枝領域の小梗塞で, めまい・嘔吐・胸内苦悶を呈した1例

細見明子,山本康正,濱中正嗣,中川正法
臨床神経学 : CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 47(8), 522-525, 2007-08-01
NAID 10019856260

Aneurysm of the Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Originating from the Extracranial and Extradural Vertebral Artery : Case Report

TAMANO Yoshinori,KOBAYASHI Tomonori,HAGIWARA Shinji,TANAKA Noriko,IDE Mitsunobu,KAWAMURA Hirotsune
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 43(6), 301-303, 2003-06-15
… A 42-year-old woman presented with a ruptured aneurysm of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), which had a rare extracranial and extradural origin. … The aneurysm had adhered to the right cerebellar tonsil, but was successfully clipped without difficulty. …
NAID 110002277131

「小脳扁桃」

Cerebellar tonsil
	Anterior view of the cerebellum. (Tonsil visible at center right.)
	Sagittal section of the cerebellum, near the junction of the vermis with the hemisphere. (Tonsil visible at bottom center.)
Details
Latin	tonsilla cerebelli
Part of	Cerebellum
Artery	PICA
Identifiers
Gray's	p.791
NeuroNames	hier-668
NeuroLex ID	Hemispheric Lobule IX
Dorlands; /Elsevier	t_13/12812425
TA	A14.1.07.222
FMA	83464
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy