- 関
- cell-mediated immunity、cellular immunity
WordNet
- small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
- a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
- a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
- any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
- a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
- (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease (同)resistance
- the quality of being unaffected by something; "immunity to criticism"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
- 〈U〉(病気に対する)免疫《+『from』(『to, against』)+『名』》 / (義務・税などの)免除《+『from』(『to, against』)+『名』》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/08/10 17:43:17」(JST)
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Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells (NK), antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches: humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or serum) and cellular immunity, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells. CD4 cells or helper T cells provide protection against different pathogens. Cytotoxic T cells cause death by apoptosis without using cytokines, therefore in cell mediated immunity cytokines are not always present.
Cellular immunity protects the body by:
- activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
- activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enabling them to destroy pathogens; and
- stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.
Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus-infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection.
Myeloid lineage - Blood (WBC and RBC)
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Cellular/
HSCs |
Myeloid/
CFU-GEMM
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CFU-GM
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CFU-G:
Granulocytes
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Band cell · Neutrophil
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Macrophages
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Histiocytes · Kupffer cells · Alveolar macrophage · Microglia · Osteoclasts · Epithelioid cells · giant cells (Langhans giant cells, Foreign-body giant cell, Touton giant cells)
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CFU-DL
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Dendritic cells · Langerhans cell
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Common
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Myelomonocyte
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CFU-Baso
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Granulocytes (Basophil)
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CFU-Eos
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Granulocytes (Eosinophil)
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MEP
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CFU-Meg
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Megakaryoblast · Megakaryocyte · Platelets
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CFU-E
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Reticulocyte · Normoblast
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CFU-Mast
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Mast cell precursors
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Noncellular |
Plasma
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cell/phys (coag, heme, immu, gran), csfs
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rbmg/mogr/tumr/hist, sysi/epon, btst
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drug (B1/2/3+5+6), btst, trns
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Immunology: Lymphocytic adaptive immune system and complement
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Lymphoid |
Antigens
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Antigen (Superantigen, Allergen) · Hapten
Epitope (Linear, Conformational) · Mimotope
Antigen presentation/Professional APCs: Dendritic cell · Macrophage · B cell
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Antibodies
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Antibody (Monoclonal antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies, Autoantibody, Microantibody) · Polyclonal B cell response · Allotype · Isotype · Idiotype
Immune complex · Paratope
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Immunity vs.
tolerance
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action: Immunity · Autoimmunity · Alloimmunity · Allergy · Hypersensitivity · Inflammation · Cross-reactivity
inaction: Tolerance (Central, Peripheral, Clonal anergy, Clonal deletion, Tolerance in pregnancy) · Immunodeficiency
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Immunogenetics
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Affinity maturation (Somatic hypermutation, Clonal selection) · V(D)J recombination · Junctional diversity · Immunoglobulin class switching · MHC/HLA
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Lymphocytes |
Cellular (T cell) · Humoral (B cell) · NK cell
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Substances |
Cytokines · Opsonin · Cytolysin
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Complement |
Anaphylatoxins
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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Immune disorders: hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)
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Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE) |
Foreign
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Atopic dermatitis · Allergic urticaria · Hay fever · Allergic asthma · Anaphylaxis · Food allergy (Milk, Egg, Peanut, Tree nut, Seafood, Soy, Wheat), Penicillin allergy
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Autoimmune
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none
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Type II/ADCC
(IgM, IgG) |
Foreign
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Pernicious anemia · Hemolytic disease of the newborn
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Autoimmune
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Cytotoxic
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia · Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura · Bullous pemphigoid · Pemphigus vulgaris · Rheumatic fever · Goodpasture's syndrome
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"Type 5"/receptor
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Graves' disease · Myasthenia gravis
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Type III
(Immune complex) |
Foreign
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Henoch–Schönlein purpura · Hypersensitivity vasculitis · Reactive arthritis · Farmer's lung · Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis · Serum sickness · Arthus reaction
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Autoimmune
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Systemic lupus erythematosus · Subacute bacterial endocarditis · Rheumatoid arthritis
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Type IV/cell-mediated
(T-cells) |
Foreign
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Allergic contact dermatitis · Mantoux test
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Autoimmune
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 · Hashimoto's thyroiditis · Guillain–Barré syndrome · Multiple sclerosis · Coeliac disease · Giant-cell arteritis
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GVHD
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Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
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Unknown/
multiple |
Foreign
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) · Transplant rejection · Latex allergy (I+IV)
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Autoimmune
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Sjögren's syndrome · Autoimmune hepatitis · Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS1, APS2) · Autoimmune adrenalitis · Systemic autoimmune disease
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cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Prokaryotic expression of ovis aries conglutinin encoding neck and carbohydrate recognition domain and its functional characterization.
- Mohan SC1, Saini M, Ramesh D, Shynu M, Barik S, Das A, Sharma AK, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta PK.
- Animal biotechnology.Anim Biotechnol.2015;26(1):29-36. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2013.875475.
- Conglutinin, a soluble pattern recognition receptor of innate immune system in bovines is known for its potential defensive activity against microorganisms either by direct agglutination in the presence of calcium or by acting as opsonin. In the present study, sheep (Ovis aries) conglutinin encoding
- PMID 25153452
- Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation reduces abnormalities in the expression of immune genes in multiple sclerosis.
- de Paula A Sousa A, Malmegrim KC1, Panepucci RA, Brum DS2, Barreira AA2, Carlos Dos Santos A2, Araújo AG3, Covas DT4, Oliveira MC5, Moraes DA5, Pieroni F5, Barros GM5, Simões BP5, Nicholas R6, Burt RK7, Voltarelli JC, Muraro PA8.
- Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Jan;128(2):111-20. doi: 10.1042/CS20140095.
- Autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been experimented as a treatment in patients affected by severe forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) who failed to respond to standard immunotherapy. The rationale of AHSCT is to 'reboot' the immune system and reconstitute a new adaptive im
- PMID 25116724
- Alveolar T-helper type-2 immunity in atopic asthma is associated with poor clinical control.
- Bergqvist A1, Andersson CK1, Mori M2, Walls AF3, Bjermer L1, Erjefält JS.
- Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Jan;128(1):47-56. doi: 10.1042/CS20140309.
- Real-world evaluation studies have shown that many patients with asthma remain symptomatic despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). As conventional ICSs have poor access to the peripheral airways, the aim of the present paper was to study the relationship between peripheral airway infl
- PMID 25059741
Japanese Journal
- 有賀 淳
- 東京女子医科大学雑誌 85(2), 31-37, 2015-04-25
- がんワクチンは新しいがん治療法として期待されているが,未だ薬事承認されたものはわずかであり,そのほとんどが研究段階にある.がんワクチンはがん細胞自体,樹状細胞,合成ペプチド,合成タンパク,抗原遺伝子などを利用して作成され,投与により生体内でがん抗原特異的免疫応答が誘導されることが確認されているが、実際の抗腫瘍効果に乏しく、臨床試験で生存改善を実証が必要とされる.今後は免疫チェックポイントの阻害や免 …
- NAID 110009900088
- Ratioless full-complementary 12-transistor static random access memory for ultra low supply voltage operation
- Kondo Takahiro,Yamamoto Hiromasa,Hoketsu Satoko,Imi Hitoshi,Okamura Hitoshi,Nakamura Kazuyuki
- Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(4S), 04DD11, 2015-03-25
- … The ratioless SRAM design concept enables a memory cell design that is free from the consideration of the static noise margin (SNM). … The measured results show that the ratioless full-complementary 12-transistor SRAM has superior immunity to device variability, and its inherent operating ability at the supply voltage of 0.22 V was experimentally confirmed. …
- NAID 150000110416
- Modest Attenuation of HIV-1 Vpu Alleles Derived from Elite Controller Plasma
- Chen Jingyan,Tibroni Nadine,Sauter Daniel,Galaski Johanna,Miura Toshiyuki,Alter Galit,Mueller Birthe,Haller Claudia,Walker Bruce D.,Kirchhoff Frank,Brumme Zabrina L.,Ueno Takamasa,Fackler Oliver T.
- PLOS ONE 10(3), e0120434, 2015-03-20
- … Antagonism of the HIV particle release restriction by the intrinsic immunity factor CD317/tetherin was well conserved among EC and CP Vpu alleles, underscoring the selective advantage of this Vpu function in HIV-1 infected individuals. … EC Vpus more frequently displayed reduced ability to downregulate cell surface levels of CD4 and MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules as well as of the NK cell ligand NTB-A. …
- NAID 120005602608
Related Links
- Spatially Organized Multicellular Innate Immune Responses · Ron Germain and colleagues discover a network of lymphoid cells that are spatially prepositioned close to sentinel macrophages lining the lymph nodes, where they receive ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- cell immunity
- 関
- 免疫
- 抗原提示細胞は、内在性ペプチドをプロテオソーム様酵素により分解し、分解産物をMHCクラスIタンパクに結合し、それを細胞表面に提示する。T細胞がこの抗原を認識することで刺激され、Tヘルパー1細胞(TH1細胞)の助けを得てキラーT細胞となる。キラーT細胞は移植片・がん細胞などの非自己細胞、ウイルス感染細胞を攻撃して破壊する。B細胞と同様に記憶T細胞を作るため、同一な抗原に出会った場合には大量の感作リンパ球を作る。ヘルパーT細胞はIL-12によりTヘルパー1細胞に分化するとINF-γやIL-2を産生するが、これらはキラーT細胞やマクロファージを活性化する。
[★]
細胞