関: appendicitis、typhlitis

WordNet

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

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虫垂炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/10 21:57:02」(JST)

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Caecitis or cecitis, more commonly called typhlitis or typhlenteritis, is an inflammation of the cecum (part of the large intestine) that may be associated with infection.^[1]

Cause

The condition is usually caused by gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (gut flora). Clostridium difficile is a species of gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics.

Typhlitis affects immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy,^[2] patients with AIDS, kidney transplant patients, or the elderly.^[3]

Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms of typhlitis may include diarrhea, a distended abdomen, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain or tenderness.^[3]

Prognosis

Inflammation can spread to other parts of the gut in patients with caecitis.^{[citation needed]}

The condition can also cause the cecum to become distended and can cut off its blood supply. This and other factors can result in necrosis and perforation of the bowel, which can cause peritonitis and sepsis.^[4] The mortality rate for caecitis can be as high as 40 to 50%, mostly because it is frequently associated with bowel perforation.^[3] Caecitis is diagnosed with a radiograph CT scan showing thickening of the cecum and "fat stranding".^{[citation needed]}

Treatment

Typhlitis is a medical emergency. It has a very poor prognosis and is often fatal unless promptly recognized and aggressively treated.^[2]

Successful treatment hinges on:

Early diagnosis provided by a high index of suspicion and the use of CT scanning
Nonoperative treatment for uncomplicated cases, and 3) elective right hemicolectomy to prevent recurrence....

"...The authors have found nonoperative treatment highly effective in patients who do not manifest signs of peritonitis, perforation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or clinical deterioration. Recurrent typhlitis was frequent after conservative therapy (recurrence rate, 67 percent), however."^[2]

References

^ Definition at thefreedictionary.com
^ ^a ^b ^c Keidan, RD; Fanning, Gatenby, Weese (Mar 1989). "Recurrent typhlitis. A disease resulting from aggressive chemotherapy". Dis Colon Rectum. 32(3): 206–9. doi:10.1007/BF02554529. PMID 2920627. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help); |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c Stoehr TM and Koslin DB. 2004. Typhlitis Imaging. emedicine.com.
^ L Boggio1, R Pooley2, S I Roth2 and J N Winter1 Typhlitis complicating autologous blood stem cell transplantation for breast cancer NATURE, February 2000, Volume 25, Number 3, Pages 321-326

UpToDate Contents

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1. 好中球減少性腸炎（盲腸炎） neutropenic enterocolitis typhlitis
2. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の病理および病因 pathology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
3. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
4. 新生児における壊死性腸炎のマネージメント management of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
5. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の予防 prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns

English Journal

Ultrasonographic examination in non-human primates with acute abdomen signs.

de Souza AC, Lange RR, Guerios SD, Froes TR.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Journal of medical primatology.J Med Primatol.2013 Dec;42(6):336-42. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12065. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
BACKGROUND: The acute abdomen is any abdominal disorder resulting in pain, shock, or sepsis. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the primary cause is gastrointestinal tract pathology. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of abdominal ultrasound as a complementary diagnostic to
PMID 23931624

Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of enteritis, typhlitis, and colitis in children with acute leukemia.

Shafey A, Ethier MC, Traubici J, Naqvi A, Sung L.SourceDepartments of Pediatrics and Diagnostic Imaging, and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol.2013 Oct;35(7):514-7. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e31829f3259.
This retrospective chart review describes pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed between January 1999 and January 2008, who were identified with enteritis, typhlitis, or colitis. Among the acute leukemia patients, 33/449 (7.3%) with acute lymphoblast
PMID 23823116

Emergency Department Experience With Nonoral Contrast Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Patients for Appendicitis.

Glauser J, Siff J, Emerman C.SourceFrom the Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
Journal of patient safety.J Patient Saf.2013 Sep 27. [Epub ahead of print]
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The American College of Radiology lists oral contrast as an institution-specific option in the evaluation of right lower quadrant pain. Previous literature indicates that an accurate assessment for appendicitis can be made by CT using IV contrast alone, with significant time saving
PMID 24080721

Japanese Journal

Species-Specific Immunity Induced by Infection with Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba moshkovskii in Mice

Shimokawa Chikako,Culleton Richard,Imai Takashi,Suzue Kazutomo,Hirai Makoto,Taniguchi Tomoyo,Kobayashi Seiki,Hisaeda Hajime,Hamano Shinjiro
PLoS ONE 8(11), e82025, 2013-11-29
… histolytica trophozoites leads to chronic and non-healing cecitis in mice. …
NAID 120005438866

医原性上腸間膜動静脈瘻の１例

児玉章朗,山口晃弘,磯谷正敏,原田徹,金岡祐次,亀井桂太郎
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 67(8), 1929-1932, 2006
症例は25歳の男性で,平成2年に高度の盲腸炎を合併した急性壊疽性虫垂炎に対する回盲部切除術の既往があった.平成14年7月に頸部リンパ節が腫脹し近医を受診した.スクリーニングの腹部CT検査で,動脈と同濃度に造影される最大径2.7cmの腫瘤性病変を認めた.回結腸動静脈瘻と診断され,平成14年8月16日に当科を紹介された.来院時自覚症状はなく,血液生化学検査も正常であった.瘻孔径が大きく経カテーテル的治 …
NAID 130003605155

<I>Clostridium difficile</I>のサイトトキシンとエンテロトキシン産生におよぼすプロスタグランディンの影響

加藤隆弘,本田武司,三輪谷俊夫
感染症学雑誌 59(10), 955-959, 1985
種々のプロスタグランディン (PG) がClostridium difficileの2種類の毒素 (cytotoxinおよびenterotoxin) の産生に及ぼす影響について, マウス致死活性およびChinese hamster ovary細胞を用いた細胞致死活性を指標として調べた. 16, 16-dimethyl PGE<SUB>2</SUB>は菌の増殖を抑制しない範囲 …
NAID 130004328992