WordNet
- constituting or characterized by or given to catachresis (同)catachrestical
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Catachresis (from Greek κατάχρησις, "abuse") is "misapplication of a word, especially in a mixed metaphor" according to the Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Another meaning is to use an existing word to denote something that has no name in the current language.[1]
Compare malapropism and solecism, which are unintentional violations of the norms, while catachresis may be either deliberate or unintentional.
Contents
- 1 Forms and examples
- 2 Derrida, Spivak
- 3 See also
- 4 Notes
- 5 References
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Forms and examples
Common forms of catachresis are:
- Using a word in a sense radically different from its normal sense.
- "'Tis deepest winter in Lord Timon's purse" — Shakespeare, Timon of Athens
- Using a word to denote something for which, without the catachresis, there is no actual name.
- "a table's leg"
- Using a word out of context.
- "Can't you hear that? Are you blind?"
- Using paradoxes or contradictions.
- "Darkness visible" – John Milton, Paradise Lost
- Creating an illogical mixed metaphor.
- "To take arms against a sea of troubles..." – Shakespeare, Hamlet
- Misuse of a word out of a misunderstanding of its meaning.
- "The runner literally flew down the track."
Catachresis is often used to convey extreme emotion or alienation. It is prominent in baroque literature and, more recently, in dadaist and surrealist literature.
Example from Alexander Pope's Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry:
Masters of this [Catachresis] will say,
- Mow the beard,
- Shave the grass,
- Pin the plank,
- Nail my sleeve.
From whence results the same kind of pleasure to the mind, as doth to the eye when we behold Harlequin trimming himself with a hatchet, hewing down a tree with a razor, making his tea in a cauldron, and brewing his ale in a teapot, to the incredible satisfaction of the British spectator.[2]
Derrida, Spivak
In Jacques Derrida's ideas of deconstruction, catachresis refers to the original incompleteness that is a part of all systems of meaning. Postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak applies this word to 'master words' that claim to represent a group—e.g., women or the proletariat—when there are no 'true' examples of 'woman' or 'proletarian'. In a similar way, words that are imposed upon a people and are deemed improper thus denote a catachresis, a word with an arbitrary connection to its meaning.
See also
- Figure of speech
- Rhetoric
- Cacography
Notes
- ^ Ghiazza 2007, p.262
- ^ Pope, Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry, x
References
- Ghiazza, Silvana (2007). Le figure retoriche. Bologna: Zanichelli. pp. 350. ISBN 978-88-08-16742-2.
- Morton, Stephen (2003). Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. London: Routledge. pp. 176. ISBN 0-415-22934-0.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920). Greek Grammar. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 677. ISBN 0-674-36250-0.
English Journal
- Allegories of the bioethical: reading J.M. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year.
- Murray SJ1.
- The Journal of medical humanities.J Med Humanit.2014 Sep;35(3):321-34. doi: 10.1007/s10912-014-9273-9.
- This essay reads J.M. Coetzee's novel, Diary of a Bad Year, as an occasion to problematize contemporary bioethical (and neoliberal) paradigms. Coetzee's rhetorical strategies are analyzed to better understand the "scene of address" within which ethical claims can be voiced. Drawing on Foucault's Soc
- PMID 24510489
- Activations of Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways in HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Apoptosis through p53-Mediated ATM/Fas Signaling by Emilia sonchifolia Extract, a Folklore Medicinal Plant.
- Lan YH1, Chiang JH, Huang WW, Lu CC, Chung JG, Wu TS, Jhan JH, Lin KL, Pai SJ, Chiu YJ, Tsuzuki M, Yang JS.
- Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2012;2012:178178. doi: 10.1155/2012/178178. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
- Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC (Compositae), an herbaceous plant found in Taiwan and India, is used as folk medicine. The clinical applications include inflammation, rheumatism, cough, cuts fever, dysentery, analgesic, and antibacteria. The activities of Emilia sonchifolia extract (ESE) on colorectal ca
- PMID 22474491
- [Regulation role of superoxide dismutase coenzyme on Fas/FasL signal transduction and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages of pneumoconiosis patients].
- Yao SQ1, Zhang XY, Chen ZY.
- Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases.Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi.2008 May;26(5):271-5.
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) coenzyme in regulation of Fas/FasL signal transduction and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages in pneumoconiosis patients.METHODS: 50 male and Han nationality cases, including the dust exposed workers, Phase I, II pneumoconiosis patients con
- PMID 18727868
Related Links
- cat·a·chre·sis (kăt′ə-krē′sĭs) n. pl. cat·a·chre·ses (-sēz) 1. The misapplication of a word or phrase, as the use of blatant to mean "flagrant." ... The subject of that evaluative gaze appears, we might say, in a kind of catachrestic split ...
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