caraway

• n.

• (セリ科)キャラウェー、ヒメウイキョウ

　 　 　

WordNet

1. a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed (同)Carum carvi
2. leaves used sparingly in soups and stews
3. herb of the Mediterranean region having pungent seeds used like those of caraway (同)nutmeg flower, Roman coriander, Nigella_sativa
4. aromatic seeds of the caraway plant; used widely as seasoning
5. bread containing caraway seeds
6. a caraway with whorled leaves

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. ヒメウイキョウ(セリ科の植物;実は食用・薬用)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/25 21:01:23」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Caraway (disambiguation).

Caraway rose nagpuria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Apiales
Family:	Umbelliferae
Genus:	Carum
Species:	C. carvi
Binomial name
Carum carvi L.

Caraway (Carum carvi), also known as meridian fennel, or Persian cumin, is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe and Northern Africa.

The plant is similar in appearance to other members of the carrot family, with finely divided, feathery leaves with thread-like divisions, growing on 20–30 cm stems. The main flower stem is 40–60 cm tall, with small white or pink flowers in umbels. Caraway fruits (erroneously called seeds) are crescent-shaped achenes, around 2 mm long, with five pale ridges.

Names and history

The etymology of caraway is complex and poorly understood.

Caraway has been called by many names in different regions, with names deriving from the Latin cuminum (cumin), the Greek karon (again, cumin), which was adapted into Latin as carum (now meaning caraway), and the Sanskrit karavi, sometimes translated as "caraway" but other times understood to mean "fennel".

English usage of the term caraway dates back to at least 1440, and is considered by Skeat to be of Arabic origin, though Katzer believes the Arabic al-karawya (cf. Spanish alcaravea) to be derived from the Latin carum.

Uses

Caraway fruits

S-(+)-carvone is primarily responsible for caraway's distinct odor.

Bread buns with caraway seeds and salt

The fruits, usually used whole, have a pungent, anise-like flavor and aroma that comes from essential oils, mostly carvone and limonene. Anethole, generally regarded as a minor product in the essential oil of this species, has also been found to be a major component. They are used as a spice in breads, especially rye bread.

Caraway is also used in desserts, liquors, casseroles, Indian cuisine rice dishes such as pulao and biryani, and other foods. Caraway is also used as a breath freshener and other medicinal purposes. Further it is found in the European cuisine. For example, it is commonly used in British caraway seed cake and is also added to sauerkraut. In Serbia, it is commonly sprinkled over home-made salty scones (pogačice s kimom). It is also used to add flavor to cheeses such as bondost, pultost and havarti. Akvavit and several liqueurs are made with caraway. In Middle Eastern cuisine, caraway pudding is a popular dessert during Ramadan. Caraway is also added to flavor Harissa, a Maghrebian chili pepper paste. Also it is typically made and served in Levant area in winter and in the occasion of having a new baby, Also in Aleppian, Syrian cuisine it is used to make sweet scones named Keleacha, and used in combination with habbet al-baraka, or nigella seeds, although these names are often cited as misleading. the Nigella and Caraway seeds are extolled as being "A cure for every disease except death." Indeed, traditional Syrian medicinal uses of black seed are extensive, including the treatment of skin conditions, respiratory infections, intestinal disorders and parasites, headaches, toothaches and more. Nigella and Caraway help promote lactation in nursing mothers and uterine contractions during labor.

The roots may be cooked as a root vegetable like parsnips or carrots.

Additionally, leaves are sometimes consumed, either raw, dried, or cooked as herbs, similar to parsley.

Caraway fruit oil is also used as a fragrance component in soaps, lotions, and perfumes.

Caraway also has a long tradition of medical uses, primarily for stomach complaints. Emerging and ongoing research from Arabic regional studies suggest Carum carvi use as an endocrine function support agent, specifically related to thyroid disorders and autoimmune disease (see Hashimoto's thyroiditis)

Cultivation

The plant prefers warm, sunny locations and well-drained soil rich in organic matter. In warmer regions it is planted in the winter months as an annual. In temperate climates it is planted as a summer annual or biennial. There is however a polyploid variant (with four haploid sets=4n) of this plant that was found to be perennial.

Finland produces approximately 28% (2011) of the world's caraway production. Caraway cultivation is well suited to the Finnish climate and latitudes which ensure long hours of sunlight in the summer. This results in fruits that contain higher levels of essential oils than those produced in other main growing areas which include Canada, the Netherlands, Egypt and central Europe.

Companion plant

See also: List of companion plants

Caraway, like many umbellifers, is a useful companion plant. It can hide the scent of neighboring crops from pest insects, as well as attracting beneficial insects like predatory wasps and predatory flies to its flowers.

Similar herbs

Caraway thyme has a strong caraway scent and is sometimes used as a substitute for real caraway in recipes.

Other similar members of the family Apiaceae include anise, fennel, dill, cumin, licorice-root (Ligusticum), and coriander (cilantro).

References

External links

• Caraway — Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages.
• How to grow Caraway
• History of Caraway
• How to make Caraway Pudding

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 口腔アレルギー症候群（花粉 - 食物アレルギー症候群）の病因 pathogenesis of oral allergy syndrome pollen food allergy syndrome
• 2. 口腔アレルギー症候群（花粉‐食物アレルギー症候群）の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of oral allergy syndrome pollen food allergy syndrome
• 3. 特発性アナフィラキシー idiopathic anaphylaxis
• 4. 食品添加物に対するアレルギー反応および喘息反応 allergic and asthmatic reactions to food additives
• 5. 成人における機能性胃腸症 functional dyspepsia in adults

English Journal

• Development and validation of a triplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of three mustard species and three celery varieties in food.

• Palle-Reisch M1, Hochegger R2, Cichna-Markl M3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 1;184:46-56. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.049. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
• The paper presents a triplex real-time PCR assay allowing the simultaneous detection of three mustard species (white, black and brown mustard) and three celery varieties (celery roots, celery stalks and leaf celery) in foodstuffs. The triplex assay does not show cross-reactivity with other Brassicac
• PMID 25872425

• Effects of gluten-free breads, with varying functional supplements, on the biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of rat serum.

• Świeca M1, Reguła J2, Suliburska J2, Złotek U3, Gawlik-Dziki U3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Sep 1;182:268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.014. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
• This paper examines the effects of gluten-free bread enriched with functional ingredients (milk powder, poppy, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, egg yolk, carum, hazel nuts and amaranth) on the morphological and biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of rats serum. Rats were provided test diets -
• PMID 25842337

• Effect of Carum copticum essential oil on growth and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus strains.

• Kazemi M1.
• Natural product research.Nat Prod Res.2015 Jun;29(11):1065-8. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.971796. Epub 2014 Oct 24.
• The objectives of this study were to determine the antiaflatoxin B1 activity in vitro of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the seeds of Carum copticum and to evaluate its antifungal activity in vivo as a potential food preservative. The C. copticum EO exhibited noticeable inhibition on dry mycel
• PMID 25342249

• Trilobolide-porphyrin conjugates: On synthesis and biological effects evaluation.

• Tomanová P1, Rimpelová S2, Jurášek M1, Buděšínský M3, Vejvodová L4, Ruml T2, Kmoníčková E5, Drašar PB6.
• Steroids.Steroids.2015 May;97:8-12. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.024. Epub 2014 Sep 6.
• Trilobolide (Tb), a potent natural counterpart of thapsigargin, is a sesquiterpene lactone of guaianolide type isolated from horse caraway (Laser trilobum, L. Borkh). Tb exerts remarkable pharmacological properties based on irreversible inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA
• PMID 25204594

Japanese Journal

• アメリカ占領期の沖縄における社会福祉 : USCAR婦人クラブを中心に

• 向井 洋子,Mukai Yoko
• 国際琉球沖縄論集 = International review of Ryukyuan and Okinawan studies (3), 51-65, 2014-03
• … To clarify this point of fact in Okinawa, the history of USCAR Women's Club, the role of High Commissioner Paul Caraway and the social welfare problem of the 1960s in the United States must be addressed. …
• NAID 120005524591

• Fyllig och kraftfull kryddning med bland annat kummin, fankal och anis : En studie i svenska brannvinsetiketters sensoriska sprak 1950-2006 (清水育男教授退職記念号)

• Larsson Ulf
• IDUN : journal of Nordic studies : 北欧研究 (21), 33-66, 2014
• NAID 40020427526

• Effect of dietary caraway essential oils on expression of β-catenin during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis

• Allameh Abdolamir,Dadkhah Abolfazl,Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh [他]
• Journal of natural medicines 67(4), 690-697, 2013
• NAID 40019787795

• Fumigant antitermitic activity of plant essential oils and components from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), allspice (Pimenta dioica), caraway (Carum carvi), dill (Anethum graveolens), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)(Chemical Ecology & Natural Product,Poster,1) Pest Management, Crop Protection and Vector Control)

• Park I. K.
• Journal of pesticide science 36(1), 157, 2011-02-20
• NAID 110008463124

Related Links

• coffee caraway コーヒー・キャラウェイ

丁寧に自家焙煎したコーヒーとお薦めの道具をお届け致します。 実店舗もオープン！ Wed-Sat. 13-18:00OPEN A tiny coffee roastery at Kamimeguro,TOKYO

• キャロウェイゴルフ（Callaway Golf）公式サイト

ゴルフ用品メーカー キャロウェイゴルフ（Callaway Golf）の公式サイト。LEGACYシリーズなどの最新ゴルフクラブ、ゴルフボールなどのゴルフ用品紹介ほか、新製品ニュースやツアーニュース、キャンペーン情報などを紹介

• the Caraway website

次のライブ・・・ 2014/5月 1st アルバム『the Caraway』、 ボーナストラックを加えて再リリース！！ライブ会場、物販コーナーにて販売中 *top *info *bbs *link *my space *review *bio *past gigs *discs *diary *lyrics *contact 1 s t a l b u m

Related Pictures