capped

• キャッピングされた

関

capping

　 　

WordNet

1. used especially of front teeth having (artificial) crowns; "capped teeth gave her a beautiful smile"
2. covered as if with a cap or crown especially of a specified kind; "cloud-capped mountains"; "brown-capped mushrooms"; "snow-capped peaks"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 身体(精神)に障害のある / 身体(精神)障害者
2. (山・丘など)頂上が雲に包まれた

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/11 20:47:52」(JST)

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For the physical headgear, see cap.

An international cap awarded to Scotland Women for rugby 2008–09

Sports cap awarded to a Perth Academy schoolboy in the UK in the 1930s

In sport, a cap is a metaphorical term for a player's appearance on a select team, such as a national team. The term dates from the practice in the United Kingdom of awarding a cap (an item of headgear) to every player in an international match of association football. In the early days of football, the concept of each team wearing a set of matching shirts had not been universally adopted, so each side would distinguish itself from the other by wearing a specific sort of cap. Contrary to popular belief, "cap" is not an acronym for Country Appearance.

An early illustration of the first international football match between England and Scotland in 1872 shows the Scottish players wearing cowls, and the English wearing a variety of school caps. The practice was first approved on 10 May 1886 for association football after a proposal made by N. Lane Jackson, founder of the Corinthians:^{[citation needed]}

That all players taking part for England in future international matches be presented with a white silk cap with red rose embroidered on the front. These to be termed International Caps.

The act of awarding a cap is now international and is applied to other sports. Actual caps are not always given anymore, but the term "cap" for an international or other appearance has been retained. Thus, a cap is awarded for each game played and so a player who has played x games, for the team, is said to have been capped x times or have won x caps.

Association football

The world record holder for the highest number of international caps as of 24 January 2006 is retired American football player Kristine Lilly, who has over 350 caps in women's association football. In men's association football, the record belongs to active player Ahmed Hassan of Egypt; he surpassed Mohamed Al-Deayea with his 178th cap on 27 March 2012. The first footballer to win 100 international caps was Billy Wright of England's Wolverhampton Wanderers. Wright went on to appear 105 times for England, 90 of them he obtained whilst he was a captain.

FIFA rules state that any club that refuses to release a player for national team duty is barred from using the player for two matches, a rule which is intended to discourage clubs from pretending that the player is injured. However, it is a player's choice to refuse to play for and/or retire from their national team. Thus, Claude Makélélé had willingly accepted the call-up to the national team for the Euro 2008 qualifiers and was not forced by national coach Raymond Domenech, contrary to Chelsea manager José Mourinho's assertion that Domenech was treating Makélélé like a slave and refusing to honor his retirement. In the same qualification tournament, Ruud van Nistelrooy had refused a call-up request from national manager Marco van Basten.

Records

Some current leading holders of association football caps (men as of 5 August 2013, women as of 23 January 2012) are:

Men

See also: List of association football players with 100 or more caps#Men and Progression of association football caps record

• 184 – Ahmed Hassan, Egypt
• 178 – Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabia
• 177 – Claudio Suárez, Mexico
• 169 – Hossam Hassan, Egypt
• 167 – Iván Hurtado, Ecuador
• 167 – Vitālijs Astafjevs, Latvia
• 164 – Cobi Jones, United States
• 164 – Adnan Al-Talyani, United Arab Emirates
• 158 – Sami Al-Jaber, Saudi Arabia
• 157 – Martin Reim, Estonia

Bold denotes players currently active in international football.

Women

See also: List of football (soccer) players with 100 or more caps#Women

• 352 – Kristine Lilly, United States World record holder
• 276 – Christie Rampone, United States
• 275 – Mia Hamm, United States
• 272 – Julie Foudy, United States
• 239 – Joy Fawcett, United States
• 208 – Birgit Prinz, Germany
• 204 – Tiffeny Milbrett, United States
• 201 – Kate Markgraf, United States
• 201 – Pu Wei, China
• 200 – Li Jie, China
• 200 - Abby Wambach, United States
• 199 - Katrine Pedersen, Denmark
• 192 – Brandi Chastain, United States
• 192 – Fan Yunjie, China

Bold denotes players currently active in international football.

Cricket

See also: Cricket cap

In cricket, there are two types of caps. Firstly, there is the international type, as described above. Some countries also award a domestic type generally known as a "county cap". The latter system is most commonly applied in English county cricket. Most counties do not automatically award caps to players on their first appearance; instead, they have to be "earned" through good performances. Indeed, one can play at the highest domestic level for several years, and have a quite significant career in first-class cricket, without ever winning a cap.

Records

The world record for the number of caps in Test cricket is held by Sachin Tendulkar of India, who has, over the course of a 22-year career, collected 198, as of March 2013. Tendulkar also holds the record for One Day Internationals, with 463 caps.

Rugby Union

See also: List of rugby union Test caps leaders

In rugby union, 20 players have reached 100 international caps as of 5 June 2012. Players from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland are eligible for selection to the British and Irish Lions touring squad. Lions matches are classed as full international tests, and caps are awarded. The Pacific Islanders team, composed of players from Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue and Cook Islands have a similar arrangement, although no players involved have so far reached 100 caps (Fijian Nicky Little is closest with 65 caps).

Players still active at Test level are in bold type.

• George Gregan, Australia — 139 [1994 to 2007]
• Brian O'Driscoll, Ireland — 132 [124 for Ireland (1999 to 2013), 8 for the British and Irish Lions (2001, 2005, 2009, 2013)]
• Ronan O'Gara, Ireland — 131 [128 for Ireland (2000 to 2013), 3 for the British and Irish Lions (2001, 2005, 2009)]
• Jason Leonard, England — 119 [114 for England (1990-2004), 5 for the British and Irish Lions (1993, 1997, 2001)]
• Fabien Pelous, France — 118 [1995 to 2007]
• Nathan Sharpe, Australia — 116 [2002 to 2012]
• Richie McCaw', New Zealand — 113 [2001 to 2012]
• George Smith, Australia — 111 [2000 to 2009, 2013]
• Philippe Sella, France — 111 [1982 to 1995]
• John Smit, South Africa — 111 [2000 to 2011]
• Stephen Jones, Wales – 110 [104 for Wales (1998 to 2011), 6 for the British and Irish Lions (2005, 2009)]
• Victor Matfield, South Africa – 110 [2001 to 2011]
• Chris Paterson, Scotland — 109 [1999 to 2011]
• John Hayes, Ireland — 107 [105 for Ireland (2000 to 2011), 2 for the British and Irish Lions (2005, 2009)]
• Keven Mealamu, New Zealand — 104 [2002 to 2013]
• Martyn Williams, Wales — 104 [100 for Wales (1996 to 2012), 4 for the British and Irish Lions (2001, 2005)]
• Gareth Thomas, Wales — 103 [100 for Wales (1995 to 2007), 3 for the British and Irish Lions (2005)]
• Andrea Lo Cicero, Italy — 103 [2000 to 2013]
• Stephen Larkham, Australia — 102 [1996 to 2007]
• Percy Montgomery, South Africa — 102 [1997 to 2008]
• David Campese, Australia — 101 [1982 to 1996]
• Alessandro Troncon, Italy — 101 [1994 to 2007]
• Mils Muliaina, New Zealand — 100 [2003 to 2011]

Rugby League

In rugby league, two players have reach past 50 Test games. The record for most caps is held by former Australian Kangaroos player & captain Darren Lockyer with 59 games and second place is former New Zealand Kiwis player & captain Ruben Wiki with 55 games.

Players still active at Test level are in bold type.

• Darren Lockyer, Australia — 59 [1998 to 2011]
• Ruben Wiki, New Zealand - 55 [1994 to 2006]
• Stacey Jones, New Zealand - 46 [1995 to 2006]
• Gary Freeman, New Zealand - 46 [1986 to 1996]
• Mal Meninga, Australia — 46 [1982 to 1994]
• Stephen Kearney, New Zealand - 45 [1993 to 2004]
• Petero Civoniceva, Australia — 44 [2001 to 2011]

The most capped Briton is Warrington Wolves forward Adrian Morley who has 52 caps (30 for Great Britain, 22 for England).

References

External links

• Men's Records and Facts FIFA
• Players with 100+ Caps (men) RSSSF
• Picture of International Football Cap National Museum of Scotland
• Gallery of International Caps and Honours Caps

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Fluorescence detection of Pb(2+) based on the DNA sequence functionalized CdS quantum dots.

• Liu S1, Na W1, Pang S1, Su X2.Author information 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.2Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address: suxg@jlu.edu.cn.AbstractIn this paper, we have developed a simple and rapid method for the detection of Pb(2+) based on the DNA sequence capped CdS quantum dots (QDs). We utilized the designed guanine (G)-rich DNA sequence (PS2.M) as a coating reagent to synthesize the DNA-capped CdS QDs. The designed G-rich DNA sequence PS2.M can bind with hemin to form G-quadruplex/hemin complex with K(+), accompanied by the fluorescence quenching of CdS QDs via the photoinduced electron transfer. Pb(2+) can induce conformational changes in the G-quadruplex/hemin complex to release the hemin molecules, so the quenched fluorescence of CdS QDs could be recovered. Therefore, the new fluorescent analysis system could be applied for the detection of Pb(2+) based on the label-free DNA sequence capped CdS QDs.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Aug 15;58:17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.013. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
• In this paper, we have developed a simple and rapid method for the detection of Pb(2+) based on the DNA sequence capped CdS quantum dots (QDs). We utilized the designed guanine (G)-rich DNA sequence (PS2.M) as a coating reagent to synthesize the DNA-capped CdS QDs. The designed G-rich DNA sequence P
• PMID 24607617

• Selective optosensing of clenbuterol and melamine using molecularly imprinted polymer-capped CdTe quantum dots.

• The Huy B1, Seo MH2, Zhang X3, Lee YI4.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, South Korea; Nhatrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 2 Hung Vuong, Nhatrang, Vietnam.2Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, South Korea.3Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, South Korea; Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions, College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.4Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, South Korea. Electronic address: yilee@changwon.ac.kr.AbstractA novel procedure for the optosensing of clenbuterol and melamine was developed using molecularly imprinted polymer-capped CdTe quantum dots (MIP-CdTe QDs). The MIP-CdTe QDs were synthesized by a radical polymerization process among CdTe QDs, a template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The sizes of the MIP-CdTe particles were controlled by the speed of polymerization, concentration of the template, concentration of the quantum dots, and the ratio of template, monomer and cross-linker. Excellent selectivity and high sensitivity of MIP-CdTe QDs toward clenbuterol/melamine molecules were observed based on the fluorescence quenching of QDs. Experimental results showed that the optimum molar ratios of template, monomer, and cross-linker were 1:8:20 and 1:4:20 for analyzing clenbuterol and melamine, respectively. Under optimum conditions, these MIP-CdTe QDs showed a limit of detection of 0.4 μM (120 ng/mL) for clenbuterol and 0.6 μM (75 ng/mL) for melamine. The feasibility of the developed method in real samples was successfully evaluated through the analysis of clenbuterol and melamine in milk and liver samples with satisfactory recoveries of 92-97%. The MIP-CdTe QDs could be easily regenerated for subsequent sample analysis with water.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jul 15;57:310-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.041. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
• A novel procedure for the optosensing of clenbuterol and melamine was developed using molecularly imprinted polymer-capped CdTe quantum dots (MIP-CdTe QDs). The MIP-CdTe QDs were synthesized by a radical polymerization process among CdTe QDs, a template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tetr
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• A new approach for bisphenol A detection employing fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticle-amplified chemiluminescence from cobalt(II) and peroxymonocarbonate.

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• Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Jul 15;128:393-7. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.153. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
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• POSS end-capped diblock copolymers: Synthesis, micelle self-assembly and properties.

• Shao Y1, Aizhao P1, Ling H2.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.2Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: heling@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.AbstractPolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) end-capped diblock copolymers are synthesized using aminopropylisobutyl POSS (ap-POSS-Br) to initiate atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and methacrylisobutyl POSS (MA-POSS). Their chemical structures are confirmed as ap-POSS-PMMA152.0-b-P(MA-POSS)4.3, 4.8, 10.0 with 19,840-24,770gmol(-1) by (1)H NMR and SEC. In tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, the obtained diblock copolymers could self-assemble into 150-300nm core-shell micelles as ap-POSS/MA-POSS core and PMMA shell, or 164nm core-shell-crown micelles as P(MA-POSS) core, PMMA shell and ap-POSS crown when P(MA-POSS) content is increased. These micelles can produce typical films with lower surface roughness (0.816-1.690nm), lower water absorption and lower viscoelasticity, but higher hydrophobicity (112-126° water contact angle) and higher thermostability in glass transition temperature Tg>110°C and decompose temperature Td>380°C than pure POSS-PMMA film. In this study, the results strongly support the potential application of the POSS end-capped diblock copolymers as the coatings.
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• PMID 24776657

Japanese Journal

• Structural transformation and photoluminescence modification of AgInS

• Hamanaka Yasushi,Yukitoki Daichi,Kuzuya Toshihiro
• Appl. Phys. Express 8(9), 095001, 2015-09-01
• … AgInS<inf>2</inf>nanoparticles were capped by ZnS via a widely used procedure to fabricate core/shell nanoparticles with highly efficient luminescence. …
• NAID 150000111239

• Synthesis of oleylamine-capped Cu

• Soosaimanickam Ananthakumar,Jeyagopal Ramkumar,Hayakawa Yasuhiro,Sridharan Moorthy
• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(8S1), 08KA10, 2015-07-15
• … Oleyalmine capped Cu<inf>2</inf>ZnSn(S,Se)<inf>4</inf>(CZTSSe) nanoparticles were synthesized by the colloidal method at 240 °C. …
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• Selective layer disordering in intersubband Al

• Wierer Jonathan,Allerman Andrew,Skogen Erik,Tauke-Pedretti Anna,Vawter Gregory,Montaño Ines
• Appl. Phys. Express 8(6), 061004, 2015-06-01
• … The SiN<inf>x</inf>capped superlattice exhibits suppressed layer disordering under high-temperature annealing. …
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• 形状可変な境界としてのシワ(リンクル)構造の展開

• 大園 拓哉
• 日本物理學會誌 70(4), 253-259, 2015-04-05
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• NAID 110009930766

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「capping」「キャッピング」
拡張検索	「handicapped」「physically handicapped person」「handicapped child」

「capping」

　　[★]

キャップ形成、キャッピング

関

capped

「キャッピング」

　　[★]

英

capping、capped

関

キャップ形成

「handicapped」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 身体障害のある

• n.

• 身体障害者

関

disability、disabled person、physical disability、physically handicapped person

　

「physically handicapped person」

　　[★]

• 身体障害者

関

disabled person、handicapped、physical disability

「handicapped child」

　　[★]

• 障害児

関

handicapped children