出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/15 00:11:20」(JST)
A cantonment (/kænˈtɒnmənt/, /kænˈtoʊnmənt/, or UK /kænˈtuːnmənt/) is a military or police quarters.[1] The word cantonment is derived from the French word canton meaning corner or district.[2] In South Asia, the term cantonment also describes permanent military stations.[1] Cantonments can be found in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, South Africa, Singapore, Malaysia, Ghana, Sri Lanka and Nepal. In United States military parlance, a cantonment is an essentially permanent residential (i.e. barracks) section of a fort or other military installation such as Fort Hood.
The term is often abbreviated to "cantt."
During a campaign, cantonments are places of encampment formed by troops for a more permanent stay, or while in winter quarters.[1] For example at the start of the Waterloo campaign in 1815, while the Duke of Wellington's headquarters were in Brussels, most of his Anglo-allied army of 93,000 were cantoned to the south of Brussels.[3]
The former Sherpur Cantonment in Kabul, Afghanistan - site of the 1879 Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment in the Second Anglo-Afghan War - is now maintained as a British Military Cemetery.
The Indian Army maintains a training mission in Bhutan, known as the Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT), responsible for the military training of RBA and RBG personnel. [8] RBA and RBG officers are sent for training at the National Defence Academy (NDA) in Pune, and Indian Military Academy (IMA) in Dehradun. [9] Project DANTAK of the Border Roads Organisation, a sub-division of the Indian Army Corps of Engineers, has been operating in Bhutan since May 1961. Since then Project DANTAK has been responsible for the construction and maintenance of over 1,500 km of roads and bridges, Paro Airport and a disused airfield at Yangphula, heliports, and other infrastructure. [10] While these serve India's strategic defence needs, it is also an obvious economic benefit for the people of Bhutan. [edit]Army aviation The Royal Bhutan Army relies on Eastern Air Command of the Indian Air Force for air assistance. In recent years India has helped Bhutan start to develop its military in all areas through military donations and training. [11] Indian Air Force helicopters evacuated RBA casualties to India for treatment during Operation All Clear in 2003
Many cities in the Indian subcontinent, such as Ahmedabad, Ambala, Belgaum, Bangalore, Kanpur, Bathinda, Delhi, Meerut, Pune, Peshawar, Ramgarh, Rawalpindi, Sialkot, Secunderabad, and Trichy, contained large cantonments of the former British Indian Army, with Meerut and Ramgarh being the most important cantonments in North India after the headquarters at Rawalpindi. Meerut was established in 1803 and was for 150 years the biggest cantonment in the region. While in the 18th and 19th century cantonments in India were viewed as semi-permanent, by the turn of the 20th century they became permanent garrisons, and were further entrenched as such via the military reforms of Lord Kitchener in 1903 and the Cantonments Act of 1924.[4]
There are 62 'notified Cantonments' in India occupying an area of 1,57,000 acres: 25 in Central Command, 13 in Western Command, 4 in Eastern Command; and one in the Northern Command.[5] In addition 15,96,000 acres is in use for military garrisons, "quartering, camping, offices", and training areas.[5] Major cantonments and garrisons are:
1. Agra Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
2. Ahmedabad Cantonment, Gujarat, Southern Command.
3. Ahmednagar Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command.
4. Ajmer Cantonment, Rajasthan Southern Command.
5. Allahabad Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
6. Almora Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command
7. Ambala Cantonment, Haryana, Western Command.
8. Amritsar Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
9. Aurangabad Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command.
10. Babina Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Southern Command.
11. Badamibagh Cantonment Jammu and Kashmir Northern Command
12. Bakloh Cantonment, Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command.
13. Bareilly Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
14. Barrackpore, West Bengal, Eastern Command.
15. Belgaum Cantonment, Karnataka, Southern Command
16. Cannanore Cantonment, Kerala, Southern Command.
17. Chakrata Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
18. Clement Town Cantonment, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
19. Dagshai Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command
20. Dalhousie Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command.
21. Danapur Cantonment, Bihar, Central Command.
22. Dehradun Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
23. Dehu Road Cantonment Maharashtra, Southern Command.
24. Delhi Cantonment, Delhi, Western Command.
25. Deolali Cantonment Maharashtra Southern Command
26. Faizabad Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
27. Fatehgarh Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command
28. Ferozepur Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
29. Jabalpur Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command
30. Jalandhar Cantonment, Punjab, Western Command
31. Jalapahar, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Eastern Command.
32. Jammu Cantonment Jammu and Kashmir, Western Command.
33. Jhansi Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Southern Command.
34. Jutogh Cantonment, Shimla Himachal Pradesh, Western Command.
35. Kamptee Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command.
36. Kanpur Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
37. Kasauli Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command.
38. Khas Yol Cantonment, Kangara Himachal Pradesh Western Command
39. Kirkee Cantonment Maharashtra Southern Command.
40. Landour Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
41. Lansdowne Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
42. Lebong, Darjeeling, West Bengal Eastern Command.
43. Lucknow Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
44. Mathura Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
45. Meerut Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
46. Mhow Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command.
47. Morar Cantonment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Command.
48. Nainital Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
49. Nasirabad Cantonment, Rajasthan, Southern Command.
50. Pachmarhi Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Central Command.
51. Pune Cantonment, Maharashtra, Southern Command.
52. Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand, Central Command.
53. Ranikhet Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
54. Roorkee Cantonment, Uttarakhand, Central Command.
55. Saugor Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh, Southern Command.
56. Secunderabad Cantonment, Telangana, Southern Command
57. Shahajahanpur Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
58. Shillong Cantonment, Meghalaya, Eastern Command.
59. St. Thomas Mount Cantonment, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Southern Command.
60. Subathu Cantonment, Shimla Hills, Himachal Pradesh, Western Command.
61. Varanasi Cantonment, Uttar Pradesh, Central Command.
62. Wellington Cantonment, Tamil Nadu, Southern Command.
[citation needed]
In Singapore, the term is used to denote a Police Cantonment.[8]
The term "cantonment" is not widely used in the United States other than on military installations.[citation needed]