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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/03/05 18:31:19」(JST)
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) |
Fungemia |
Classification and external resources |
ICD-9 |
117.9 |
MeSH |
D016469 |
Fungemia (Fungaemia in the UK and other Commonwealth countries) is the presence of fungi or yeasts in the blood. The most common type, also known as Candidemia, Candedemia, or Invasive Candidiasis, is caused by Candida species, but infections by other fungi, including Saccharomyces, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus, are also called fungemia. It is most commonly seen in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients with severe neutropenia, oncology patients, or in patients with intravenous catheters. It has been suggested the otherwise immunocompetent patients taking infliximab may be at a higher risk for fungemia.
Diagnosis is difficult, as routine blood cultures have poor sensitivity.
Contents
- 1 Treatment
- 2 Risk factors
- 3 Pathogens
- 4 Symptoms
- 5 See also
- 6 External links
§Treatment
Treatment involves use of antifungals such as fluconazole and amphotericin.
§Risk factors
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2013) |
The three most important risk factors are:
- Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
- Presence of mercury and other heavy metals.[citation needed]
- Colonization by fungi (see e.g. candidiasis)
Other risk factors are:
- Dialysis
- Diabetes
- Lowered intestinal flora
- Suppressed Immune system
- Use of yeast probiotics [1]
- Central venous catheter
- High severity of illness
- Multiple abdominal surgeries
- Use of steroids
- burns
§Pathogens
The most commonly known pathogen is Candida albicans, causing roughly 70% of fungemias, followed by Candida glabrata with 10%, Aspergillus with 1% and Saccharomyces as the fourth most common.[citation needed] However, the frequency of infection by C. glabrata, Saccharomyces boulardii, Candida tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis is increasing, perhaps because significant use of fluconazole is common or due to increase in antibiotic use.
§Symptoms
Symptoms can range from mild to extreme—often described as extreme flu-like symptoms. Many symptoms may be associated with fungemia, including pain, mental disorders, chronic fatigue, and infections. Skin infections can include persistent or non-healing wounds and lesions, sweating, itching, and unusual discharge or drainage.
§See also
- Bacteremia
- Candidiasis (thrush)
- Mycosis
§External links
- Treatment of fungal infections
- Candidiasis: Overview and Full Index
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:503-53.
Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70–R79, 790)
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Red blood cells |
Size
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- Anisocytosis
- Macrocyte
- Microcyte
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Shape
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- membrane abnormalities: Acanthocyte
- Codocyte
- Ovalocyte
- Spherocyte
- other: Dacrocyte
- Echinocyte
- Schistocyte
- Degmacyte
- Drepanocyte
- Stomatocyte
- Knizocyte
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Hemoglobinization
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Inclusion bodies
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- developmental organelles (Howell-Jolly body, Basophilic stippling, Pappenheimer bodies, Cabot rings)
- abnormal hemoglobin precipitation (Heinz body)
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Other
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- Rouleaux
- Reticulocyte
- Elevated ESR
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Lymphocytes |
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Small molecules |
Blood sugar
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- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Prediabetes (Impaired fasting glucose, Impaired glucose tolerance)
- Oxyhyperglycemia
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Nitrogenous
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- Azotemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hypouricemia
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Proteins |
LFT
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- Elevated transaminases
- Elevated ALP
- Hypoproteinemia (Hypoalbuminemia)
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Other
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- Elevated cardiac markers
- Elevated alpha-fetoprotein
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Minerals |
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Pathogens/sepsis |
- Bacteremia
- Viremia
- Fungemia
- Parasitemia
- Algaemia
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Index of cells from bone marrow
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Description |
- Immune system
- Cells
- Physiology
- coagulation
- proteins
- granule contents
- colony-stimulating
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Disease |
- Red blood cell
- Monocyte and granulocyte
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Histiocytosis
- Symptoms and signs
- Blood tests
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Treatment |
- Transfusion
- Drugs
- thrombosis
- bleeding
- other
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Index of the urinary system
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- Cells
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Disease |
- Electrolyte and acid-base
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- Urine tests
- Blood tests
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- Intravenous fluids
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Fungal infection and mesomycetozoea (B35–B49, 110–118)
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Superficial and
cutaneous
(dermatomycosis):
Tinea = skin;
Piedra (exothrix/
endothrix) = hair |
Ascomycota |
Dermatophyte
(Dermatophytosis) |
By location |
- Tinea barbae/tinea capitis
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea manuum
- Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
- Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
- White superficial onychomycosis
- Distal subungual onychomycosis
- Proximal subungual onychomycosis
- Tinea corporis gladiatorum
- Tinea faciei
- Tinea imbricata
- Tinea incognito
- Favus
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By organism |
- Epidermophyton floccosum
- Microsporum canis
- Microsporum audouinii
- Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
- Trichophyton tonsurans
- Trichophyton schoenleini
- Trichophyton rubrum
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Other |
- Hortaea werneckii
- Piedraia hortae
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Basidiomycota |
- Malassezia furfur
- Tinea versicolor
- Pityrosporum folliculitis
- Trichosporon
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Subcutaneous,
systemic,
and opportunistic |
Ascomycota |
Dimorphic
(yeast+mold) |
Onygenales |
- Coccidioides immitis/Coccidioides posadasii
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
- Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Histoplasmosis
- Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
- Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
- Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
- Histoplasma duboisii
- Lacazia loboi
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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Other |
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Blastomycosis
- North American blastomycosis
- South American blastomycosis
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Penicillium marneffei
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Yeast-like |
- Candida albicans
- Candidiasis
- Oral
- Esophageal
- Vulvovaginal
- Chronic mucocutaneous
- Antibiotic candidiasis
- Candidal intertrigo
- Candidal onychomycosis
- Candidal paronychia
- Candidid
- Diaper candidiasis
- Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
- Perianal candidiasis
- Systemic candidiasis
- Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
- C. glabrata
- C. tropicalis
- C. lusitaniae
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Pneumocystosis
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
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Mold-like |
- Aspergillus
- Aspergillosis
- Aspergilloma
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
- Exophiala jeanselmei
- Fonsecaea pedrosoi/Fonsecaea compacta/Phialophora verrucosa
- Geotrichum candidum
- Pseudallescheria boydii
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Basidiomycota |
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Cryptococcosis
- Trichosporon spp
- Trichosporonosis
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Zygomycota
(Zygomycosis) |
Mucorales
(Mucormycosis) |
- Rhizopus oryzae
- Mucor indicus
- Lichtheimia corymbifera
- Syncephalastrum racemosum
- Apophysomyces variabilis
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Entomophthorales
(Entomophthoramycosis) |
- Basidiobolus ranarum
- Conidiobolus coronatus/Conidiobolus incongruus
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Microsporidia
(Microsporidiosis) |
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi/Encephalitozoon intestinalis
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Mesomycetozoea |
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Ungrouped |
- Alternariosis
- Fungal folliculitis
- Fusarium
- Granuloma gluteale infantum
- Hyalohyphomycosis
- Otomycosis
- Phaeohyphomycosis
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Description |
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Disease |
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Treatment |
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Blood-Borne Candidiasis.
- Clancy CJ1,2,3, Nguyen MH4.
- Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1356:215-38. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3052-4_16.
- β-D-glucan (Fungitell) and polymerase chain reaction-based (T2Candida) assays of blood samples are FDA-approved adjuncts to cultures for diagnosing candidemia and other types of invasive candidiasis, but their clinical roles are unclear. In this chapter, we describe laboratory protocols for perform
- PMID 26519076
- Imaging Candida Infections in the Host.
- Navarathna DH1, Roberts DD2, Munasinghe J3, Lizak MJ3.
- Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1356:69-78. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3052-4_6.
- Disseminated fungal infections caused by Candida species are associated with homing of the pathogen to specific organs in human and murine hosts. Kidneys are a primary target organ of Candida albicans, and invasion into the kidney medulla can lead to loss of renal function and death. Therefore, deve
- PMID 26519066
- Echinocandin susceptibility profile of fluconazole resistant Candida species isolated from blood stream infections.
- Deorukhkar SC1, Saini S.
- Infectious disorders drug targets.Infect Disord Drug Targets.2015 Dec 9. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: Over the last two decades, Candida blood stream infections (BSIs) have been increasingly reported from various parts of the world. Recent studies on invasive candidiasis have documented the emergence of non albicans Candida (NAC) species as major pathogens. Candida spp. belonging to NAC
- PMID 26648186
Japanese Journal
- The Differences in the Epidemiology and Predictors of Death between Candidemia Acquired in Intensive Care Units and Other Hospital Settings
- Esophageal Candidiasis as the Initial Manifestation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Candidemia from an Upper Urinary Tract Infection Complicated by Candida Endophthalmitis
Related Links
- The term candidemia describes the presence ofCandidaspecies in the blood. Candidemia is the most common manifestations of invasive candidiasis.Candidain a blood culture should never be viewed as a contaminant and should ...
- Candidemia symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for Candidemia (Invasive candidiasis) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- candidemia
- 同
- Candida血症
- 関
- カンジダ症、内臓カンジダ症