WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
of or relating to calories in food; "comparison of foods on a caloric basis"; "the caloric content of foods"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
熱の,カロリーの
testis の複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/05 01:56:58」(JST)

wiki en

"Nystagmus test" redirects here. For the field sobriety test, see horizontal gaze nystagmus test.

In medicine, the caloric reflex test (sometimes termed 'vestibular caloric stimulation') is a test of the vestibulo-ocular reflex that involves irrigating cold or warm water or air into the external auditory canal.

Utility

It is commonly used by physicians, audiologists and other trained professionals to validate a diagnosis of asymmetric function in the peripheral vestibular system. Calorics are usually a subtest of the electronystagmography (ENG) battery of tests. It is one of several tests which can be used to test for brain stem death.

One novel use of this test has been to provide temporary pain relief from phantom limb pains in amputees^[1] and paraplegics.^[2] It can also induce a temporary remission of anosognosia, the visual and personal aspects of hemispatial neglect, hemianesthesia, and other consequences of right hemispheric damage.^[3]

Technique and results

Ice cold or warm water or air is irrigated into the external auditory canal, usually using a syringe. The temperature difference between the body and the injected water creates a convective current in the endolymph of the nearby horizontal semicircular canal. Hot and cold water produce currents in opposite directions and therefore a horizontal nystagmus in opposite directions.^[4] In patients with an intact brainstem:

If the water is warm (44°C or above) endolymph in the ipsilateral horizontal canal rises, causing an increased rate of firing in the vestibular afferent nerve. This situation mimics a head turn to the ipsilateral side. Both eyes will turn toward the contralateral ear, with horizontal nystagmus to the ipsilateral ear.
If the water is cold, relative to body temperature (30°C or below), the endolymph falls within the semicircular canal, decreasing the rate of vestibular afferent firing. The eyes then turn toward the ipsilateral ear, with horizontal nystagmus (quick horizontal eye movements) to the contralateral ear.^[5]^[6]

Absent reactive eye movement suggests vestibular weakness of the horizontal semicircular canal of the side being stimulated.

In comatose patients with cerebral damage, the fast phase of nystagmus will be absent as this is controlled by the cerebrum. As a result, using cold water irrigation will result in deviation of the eyes toward the ear being irrigated. If both phases are absent, this suggests the patient's brainstem reflexes are also damaged and carries a very poor prognosis.^[7]

Mnemonic

One mnemonic used to remember the FAST direction of nystagmus is COWS.^[8]

COWS: Cold Opposite, Warm Same.
Cold water = FAST phase of nystagmus to the side Opposite from the cold water filled ear
Warm water = FAST phase of nystagmus to the Same side as the warm water filled ear
In other words: Contralateral when cold is applied and ipsilateral when warm is applied

References

^ André JM, Martinet N, Paysant J, Beis JM, Le Chapelain L (2001). "Temporary phantom limbs evoked by vestibular caloric stimulation in amputees". Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 14 (3): 190–6. PMID 11513103.
^ Le Chapelain L, Beis JM, Paysant J, André JM (February 2001). "Vestibular caloric stimulation evokes phantom limb illusions in patients with paraplegia". Spinal Cord 39 (2): 85–7. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101093. PMID 11402363.
^ Robertson, Ian H.; Marshall, John C. (1993). Unilateral neglect: clinical and experimental studies. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-0-86377-208-5. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
^ Purves, D; et al (2004). Neuroscience. Sinauer. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Nystagmus, Acquired at eMedicine
^ Narenthiran G. Neurosurgery Quiz. Annals of Neurosurgery. Accessed on: August 17, 2006.
^ Mueller-Jensen A, Neunzig HP, Emskötter T (April 1987). "Outcome prediction in comatose patients: significance of reflex eye movement analysis". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 50 (4): 389–92. doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.4.389. PMC 1031870. PMID 3585347.
^ Webb C (1985). "COWS caloric test". Ann Emerg Med 14 (9): 938. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80671-5. PMID 4026002.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 回転性めまい患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with vertigo
2. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults
3. 小児および思春期における浮動性めまいの評価 evaluation of dizziness in children and adolescents
4. メニエール病 meniere disease
5. 回転性めまいの病態生理、病因、および鑑別診断 pathophysiology etiology and differential diagnosis of vertigo

English Journal

Vestibular abnormality in patients with Meniere's disease and migrainous vertigo.

Shin JE, Kim CH, Park HJ.SourceDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2013 Feb;133(2):154-8. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.727469. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
Abstract Conclusion: Vestibular abnormality was found in 84% of patients with Meniere's disease (MD) and 66% of those with migrainous vertigo (MV), even in the interictal period. Although MV does not have proven pathology like endolymphatic hydrops of MD, MV had high vestibular abnormality, sugge
PMID 23145969

Damaged utricular function clarified by oVEMP in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Nakahara H, Yoshimura E, Tsuda Y, Murofushi T.SourceDepartment of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine Mizonokuchi Hospital , Kawasaki.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2013 Feb;133(2):144-9. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.720030. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
Abstract Conclusion: Utricular dysfunction in patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (pBPPV) was supported by findings for ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP). Objective: To evaluate the utricular and saccular function in patients with pBPPV. Methods: T
PMID 22992120

Japanese Journal

2. 前庭神経炎

水田啓介,青木光広,出原啓一
Equilibrium Research 72(3), 135-144, 2013
… Long-lasting horizontal rotational nystagmus, a positive result in the horizontal head impulse test (HIT), and a positive result of the caloric test are characteristics of vestibular neuritis. … However, recovery of canal paresis in the caloric test is slower and the recovery rate in the caloric test is lower than that in the HIT and the SVV. …
NAID 130003372597

一側性メニエール病症例が両側性に移行する要因についての検討

牛尾宗貴,岩崎真一,江上直也,菅澤恵子,井上亜希,木下淳,千原康裕,藤本千里,室伏利久,山岨達也
Equilibrium Research 72(1), 37-46, 2013
… Age, gender, duration of symptoms, stage of disease, left-right difference on caloric test, results of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) recording, subjective visual horizontal, and time to remission of vertigo attacks were compared.When stages 1 with 2 and 3 with 4 were combined, there were more cases of stage 3 or 4 disease in both the CEI+ and BL groups than in the CEI- group. …
NAID 130003372587

Usher 症候群の臨床的タイプ分類の問題点

岩崎聡,吉村豪兼,武市紀人,佐藤宏昭,石川浩太郎,加我君孝,熊川孝三,長井今日子,古屋信彦,池園哲郎,中西啓,内藤泰,福島邦博,東野哲也,君付隆,西尾信哉,工穣,宇佐美真一
日本耳鼻咽喉科學會會報 115(10), 894-901, 2012-10-20
… The conductive rate of vestibular examinations including the caloric test (50%) was low. …
NAID 10031121845

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「075B046」
リンク元	「温度眼振検査」「温度眼振試験」
関連記事	「testing」「caloric」「test」「calor」

「075B046」

Caloric reflex test
	Diagnostics
	Caloric test. Cold water introduced into right external meatus showing effects opposite to that produced by introduction of hot water. (Lawrence et. al 1960)
ICD-9-CM	95.44
MedlinePlus	003429

　　[★]

聴神経鞘腫で患側に見られる徴候として誤っている物

a. 角膜反射の減弱
b. 眼輪筋反射の亢進
c. 高音域難聴
d. 温度試験(caloric test)の反応低下
e. 咽頭反射の減弱

「温度眼振検査」

　　[★]

英: caloric test
同: カロリックテスト、バラニー試験 Barany test
関: 温度刺激検査

「温度眼振試験」

　　[★]

英: thermic test, caloric test, caloric nystagmus test
関: カロリックテスト

「testing」

　　[★]

n.

試験

関: assessment、data quality、exam、examination、examine、experimental design、matched group、measurement、research design、scoring method、test、trial

「caloric」

　　[★]

熱量の、カロリー的な

関: calorically、calorie

「test」

　　[★] テスト　　　　　　　　　　

「calor」

　　[★]

n.

(炎症の徴候)発熱

[1] André JM, Martinet N, Paysant J, Beis JM, Le Chapelain L (2001). "Temporary phantom limbs evoked by vestibular caloric stimulation in amputees". Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 14 (3): 190–6. PMID 11513103.

[2] Le Chapelain L, Beis JM, Paysant J, André JM (February 2001). "Vestibular caloric stimulation evokes phantom limb illusions in patients with paraplegia". Spinal Cord 39 (2): 85–7. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101093. PMID 11402363.

[3] Robertson, Ian H.; Marshall, John C. (1993). Unilateral neglect: clinical and experimental studies. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-0-86377-208-5. Retrieved 2010-06-04.

[Cold_caloric_test-4] Purves, D; et al (2004). Neuroscience. Sinauer. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[5] Nystagmus, Acquired at eMedicine

[narenthiran-6] Narenthiran G. Neurosurgery Quiz. Annals of Neurosurgery. Accessed on: August 17, 2006.

[7] Mueller-Jensen A, Neunzig HP, Emskötter T (April 1987). "Outcome prediction in comatose patients: significance of reflex eye movement analysis". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 50 (4): 389–92. doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.4.389. PMC 1031870. PMID 3585347.

[8] Webb C (1985). "COWS caloric test". Ann Emerg Med 14 (9): 938. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80671-5. PMID 4026002.

匿名

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案内

案内

caloric test