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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/08 06:41:32」(JST)

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Calcifediol (INN), also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D),^[1] is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase which was isolated by Michael F. Holick. Physicians worldwide measure this metabolite to determine a patient's vitamin D status.^[2] At a typical daily intake of vitamin D3, its full conversion to calcifediol takes approximately 7 days.^[3]

Calcifediol is then converted in the kidneys (by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase) into calcitriol (1,25-(OH)₂D₃), a secosteroid hormone that is the active form of vitamin D. It can also be converted into 24-hydroxycalcidiol in the kidneys via 24-hydroxylation.^[4]^[5]

Blood test

In medicine, a 25-hydroxy vitamin D (calcidiol) blood test is used to determine how much vitamin D is in the body.^[6] The blood concentration of calcidiol is considered the best indicator of vitamin D status.^[7]

This test can be used to diagnose vitamin D deficiency, and it is indicated in patients with high risk for vitamin D deficiency and when the results of the test would be used as supporting evidence for beginning aggressive therapies.^[8] Patients with osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, malabsorption, obesity, and some other infections may be high risk and thus have greater indication for this test.^[8] Although vitamin D deficiency is common in some populations including those living at higher latitudes or with limited sun exposure, the 25(OH)D test is not indicated for entire populations.^[8] Physicians may advise low risk patients to take over-the-counter vitamin D in place of having screening.^[8]

It is the most sensitive measure,^[9] though experts have called for improved standardization and reproducibility across different laboratories.^[7] According to MedlinePlus, the normal range of calcidiol is 30.0 to 74.0 ng/mL.^[6] The normal range varies widely depending on several factors, including age and geographic location. A broad reference range of 20–150 nmol/L (8-60 ng/ml) has also been suggested,^[10] while other studies have defined levels below 80 nmol/L (32 ng/ml) as indicative of vitamin D deficiency.^[11]

US labs generally report 25(OH)D levels as ng/mL. Other countries often use nmol/L. Multiply ng/mL by 2.5 to convert to nmol/L.

Clinical significance

Increasing calcidiol levels are associated with increasing fractional absorption of calcium from the gut up to levels of 80 nmol/L (32 ng/mL).^{[citation needed]} Urinary calcium excretion balances intestinal calcium absorption and does not increase with calcidiol levels up to ~400 nmol/L (160 ng/mL).^[12]

A study by Cedric F. Garland and Frank C. Garland of the University of California, San Diego analyzed the blood from 25,000 volunteers from Washington County, Maryland, finding that those with the highest levels of calcifediol had a risk of colon cancer that was one-fifth of typical rates.^[13] However, randomized controlled trials failed to find a significant correlation between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colon cancer.^[14]

A 2012 registry study of the population of Copenhagen, Denmark, found a correlation between both low and high serum levels and increased mortality, with a level of 50–60 nmol/L being associated with the lowest mortality. The study did not show causation.^[15]^[16]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway edit]]

File:VitaminDSynthesis WP1531.png

Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

References

^ "Nomenclature of Vitamin D. Recommendations 1981. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN)" reproduced at the Queen Mary, University of London website. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ Holick, MF; Deluca, HF; Avioli, LV (1972). "Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human plasma". Archives of Internal Medicine. 129 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1001/archinte.1972.00320010060005. PMID 4332591.
^ Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1738–42 PMID 18541563
^ Bender, David A.; Mayes, Peter A (2006). "Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals". In Victor W. Rodwell; Murray, Robert F.; Harper, Harold W.; Granner, Darryl K.; Mayes, Peter A. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. New York: Lange/McGraw-Hill. pp. 492–3. ISBN 0-07-146197-3. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.
^ Institute of Medicine (1997). "Vitamin D". Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. p. 254. ISBN 0-309-06403-1.
^ ^a ^b "25-hydroxy vitamin D test: Medline Plus". Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b Heaney, Robert P (Dec 2004). "Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (6): 1706S–9S. PMID 15585791.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites
1. - Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.
  - Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.
  - Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites
    - Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.
  - Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.
^ Institute of Medicine (1997), p. 259
^ Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.
^ Hollis BW (February 2005). "Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D". J Nutr. 135 (2): 317–22. PMID 15671234.
^ Kimball; et al. (2004). "Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86 (3): 645–51. PMID 17823429.
^ Maugh II, Thomas H. "Frank C. Garland dies at 60; epidemiologist helped show importance of vitamin D: Garland and his brother Cedric were the first to demonstrate that vitamin D deficiencies play a role in cancer and other diseases.", Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2010. Accessed September 4, 2010.
^ Wactawski-Wende, J; Kotchen, JM, Women's Health Initiative Investigators (Mar 9, 2006). "Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.". N Engl J Med. 954 (10): 1102. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055222. PMID 16481636. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
^ "Too much vitamin D can be as unhealthy as too little" (Press release). University of Copenhagen. May 29, 2012. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
^ Durup, D.; Jørgensen, H. L.; Christensen, J.; Schwarz, P.; Heegaard, A. M.; Lind, B. (May 9, 2012). "A Reverse J-Shaped Association of All-Cause Mortality with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in General Practice: The CopD Study". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Endocrine Society. 97 (8): 2644–2652. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1176. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人におけるビタミンD欠乏症：定義、臨床症状、および治療 vitamin d deficiency in adults definition clinical manifestations and treatment
2. ビタミンDの概要 overview of vitamin d
3. 小児および思春期におけるビタミンD不足および欠乏 vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency in children and adolescents
4. ビタミンD欠乏症の原因および抵抗性 causes of vitamin d deficiency and resistance
5. 慢性腎疾患を有する透析前の成人患者における二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症およびミネラル代謝異常のマネージメント management of secondary hyperparathyroidism and mineral metabolism abnormalities in adult predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

English Journal

Improved accuracy of an tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method measuring 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites in serum using unspiked controls and its application to determining cross-reactivity of a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.

Dowling KG1, Hull G2, Sundvall J3, Lamberg-Allardt C4, Cashman KD5.
Journal of chromatography. A.J Chromatogr A.2017 May 12;1497:102-109. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.058. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
PMID 28372841

Osteoarticular manifestations of celiac disease and non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity.

Dos Santos S1, Lioté F2.
Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme.Joint Bone Spine.2017 May;84(3):263-266. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.09.007. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
PMID 27825568

Reaction mechanism of sterol hydroxylation by steroid C25 dehydrogenase - Homology model, reactivity and isoenzymatic diversity.

Rugor A1, Wójcik-Augustyn A2, Niedzialkowska E1, Mordalski S3, Staroń J4, Bojarski A3, Szaleniec M5.
Journal of inorganic biochemistry.J Inorg Biochem.2017 Apr 27;173:28-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.027. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28482186

Japanese Journal

High prevalence of winter 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency despite supplementation according to guidelines for hemodialysis patients

Clinical and experimental nephrology 16(6), 945-951, 2012-12-01
NAID 10031145926

Synthesis of 1-deoxyeldecalcitol, a biologically interesting analog of 1α,25-dihydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (eldecalcitol)

Heterocycles 83(6), 1385-1394, 2011-06-01
NAID 40018820810

1α-OH-D3の授乳期マウス下顎頭軟骨に及ぼす影響

岩手医科大学歯学雑誌 = Dental journal of Iwate Medical University 14(3), 211-223, 1989-12
NAID 120005849354

Related Pictures

Laborlexikon: 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin-D >>Facharztwissen für alle! Calcifediol molecule - Stock Image F016/6236 - Science Photo Library Faes Farma lanza al mercado Hidroferol cápsulas blandas - Faes Farma Calcifediol Molecule by Laguna Design Metabolite Stock Photos & Metabolite Stock Images - Alamy Calcifediol Molecule Photograph by Laguna Design Cholecalciferol Stock Photos, Images, & Pictures | Shutterstock

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「カルシフェジオール」「calcidiol」「25-hydroxyvitamin D3」

「カルシフェジオール」

Calcifediol
Names
	IUPAC names (6R)-6-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-[(2Z)-2-[(5S)-5-; Hydroxy-2-methylidene-cyclohexylidene]; ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-; 1H-inden-1-yl]-2-methyl-heptan-2-ol
	Other names 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3; 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol; Calcifediol
Identifiers
CAS Number	19356-17-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:17933
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1222
ChemSpider	4446820
DrugBank	DB00146
IUPHAR/BPS	6921
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
MeSH	Calcifediol
PubChem	5283731
UNII	T0WXW8F54E
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H44O2/c1-19-10-13-23(28)18-22(19)12-11-21-9-7-17-27(5)24(14-15-25(21)27)20(2)8-6-16-26(3,4)29/h11-12,20,23-25,28-29H,1,6-10,13-18H2,2-5H3/b21-11+,22-12-/t20-,23+,24-,25+,27-/m1/s1 Key: JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCSA-N ; InChI=1/C27H44O2/c1-19-10-13-23(28)18-22(19)12-11-21-9-7-17-27(5)24(14-15-25(21)27)20(2)8-6-16-26(3,4)29/h11-12,20,23-25,28-29H,1,6-10,13-18H2,2-5H3/b21-11+,22-12-/t20-,23+,24-,25+,27-/m1/s1 Key: JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCBI ;
	SMILES O[C@@H]1CC(\C(=C)CC1)=C\C=C2/CCC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@H](C)CCCC(O)(C)C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H44O2
Molar mass	400.64 g/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	A11CC06 (WHO)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: calcifediol
関: カルシジオール、25-ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロール、25-ヒドロキシビタミンD3

「calcidiol」

　　[★]

カルシジオール

関: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol、25-hydroxyvitamin D3、calcifediol

同: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

「25-hydroxyvitamin D3」

　　[★]

25-ヒドロキシビタミンD3

関: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol、calcidiol、calcifediol

[WikiPathways-17] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

[1] "Nomenclature of Vitamin D. Recommendations 1981. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN)" reproduced at the Queen Mary, University of London website. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

[2] Holick, MF; Deluca, HF; Avioli, LV (1972). "Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human plasma". Archives of Internal Medicine. 129 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1001/archinte.1972.00320010060005. PMID 4332591.

[3] Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1738–42 PMID 18541563

[4] Bender, David A.; Mayes, Peter A (2006). "Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals". In Victor W. Rodwell; Murray, Robert F.; Harper, Harold W.; Granner, Darryl K.; Mayes, Peter A. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. New York: Lange/McGraw-Hill. pp. 492–3. ISBN 0-07-146197-3. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.

[5] Institute of Medicine (1997). "Vitamin D". Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. p. 254. ISBN 0-309-06403-1.

[MedlinePlus-6] "25-hydroxy vitamin D test: Medline Plus". Retrieved 21 March 2010.

[heaney-7] Heaney, Robert P (Dec 2004). "Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (6): 1706S–9S. PMID 15585791.

[ASCPfive-8] American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Society for Clinical Pathology, retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites

Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[10] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[11] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

[12] Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

[13] Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[14] Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[15] Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[9] Institute of Medicine (1997), p. 259

[10] Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.

[11] Hollis BW (February 2005). "Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D". J Nutr. 135 (2): 317–22. PMID 15671234.

[12] Kimball; et al. (2004). "Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86 (3): 645–51. PMID 17823429.

[13] Maugh II, Thomas H. "Frank C. Garland dies at 60; epidemiologist helped show importance of vitamin D: Garland and his brother Cedric were the first to demonstrate that vitamin D deficiencies play a role in cancer and other diseases.", Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2010. Accessed September 4, 2010.

[14] Wactawski-Wende, J; Kotchen, JM, Women's Health Initiative Investigators (Mar 9, 2006). "Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.". N Engl J Med. 954 (10): 1102. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055222. PMID 16481636. Retrieved December 28, 2013.

[15] "Too much vitamin D can be as unhealthy as too little" (Press release). University of Copenhagen. May 29, 2012. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

[16] Durup, D.; Jørgensen, H. L.; Christensen, J.; Schwarz, P.; Heegaard, A. M.; Lind, B. (May 9, 2012). "A Reverse J-Shaped Association of All-Cause Mortality with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in General Practice: The CopD Study". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Endocrine Society. 97 (8): 2644–2652. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1176. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

[24] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[25] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet. 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

[26] Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

[27] Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical Pathology (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[28] Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[29] Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

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calcifediol