caiman

カイマン

関

alligator、Cayman、crocodile

　 　

WordNet

1. a semiaquatic reptile of Central and South America that resembles an alligator but has a more heavily armored belly (同)cayman
2. either of two amphibious reptiles related to crocodiles but with shorter broader snouts (同)gator
3. crack and acquire the appearance of alligator hide, as from weathering or improper application; of paint and varnishes
4. leather made from alligators hide
5. large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and sharp teeth and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters
6. caiman with bony ridges about the eyes; found from southern Mexico to Argentina (同)Caiman sclerops
7. crocodile-like lizard of South America having powerful jaws for crushing snails and mussels

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. カイマンワニ(中南米産のワニ)
2. 〈C〉(米国・中国産の)ワニ / 〈U〉ワニ皮
3. ワニ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/27 00:04:03」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For the genus, see Caiman (genus). For other uses, see Caiman (disambiguation).

Caimans Temporal range: Paleocene—Present, 60–0Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Yacare Caiman, Caiman yacare
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Sauropsida
Clade:	Crocodylomorpha
Order:	Crocodylia
Family:	Alligatoridae
Subfamily:	Caimaninae Brochu, 1999
Type species
Caiman latirostris Daudincrrefwad, 1825
Genera and Species
See below

Caimans are alligatorid crocodylians within Caimaninae. The group is one of two primary lineages within Alligatoridae, the other being alligators. Caimans inhabit Central and South America. They are relatively small crocodylians, with most species reaching lengths of only a few metres, with the smallest being the Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), which grows to 1 metre (3 feet) long and the largest being the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), which can grow to 4 metres (13 ft) or more. Several extinct forms are known, including Purussaurus, a giant Miocene genus that grew to 12 metres (39 ft) and the equally large Mourasuchus, which had a wide duck-like snout.

Taxonomy

Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus)

Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris)

Yacare caiman (Caiman yacare)

Black caiman (Melanosuchus niger)

Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus)

Smooth-fronted caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus)

• Subfamily Caimaninae
  • Genus †Centenariosuchus
  • Genus †Culebrasuchus
  • Genus †Eocaiman
  • Genus †Globidentosuchus
  • Genus Paleosuchus
    • Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman
    • Paleosuchus trigonatus, Smooth-fronted Caiman
  • Genus †Purussaurus
  • Genus †Mourasuchus
  • Genus †Necrosuchus
  • Genus †Orthogenysuchus
  • Genus †Tsoabichi
  • Clade Jacarea
    • Genus Caiman
      • Caiman yacare, Yacare Caiman
      • Caiman crocodilus, Spectacled Caiman
        • Caiman caiman apaporiensis, Rio Apaporis Caiman
        • Caiman caiman fuscus, Brown Caiman
      • †Caiman lutescens
      • †Caiman venezuelensis
      • Caiman latirostris, Broad-snouted Caiman
    • Genus Melanosuchus
      • †Melanosuchus fisheri
      • Melanosuchus niger, Black Caiman

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram modified from Brochu (2011).

Alligatoridae	Alligatorinae  Caimaninae  Eocaiman cavernensis Necrosuchus ionensis Tsoabichi greenriverensis Paleosuchus palpebrosus Paleosuchus trigonatus Mourasuchus Orthogenysuchus olseni Purussaurus mirandai Purussaurus neivensis  Jacarea  Caiman crocodilus Caiman yacare Caiman latirostris UCMP 39978 (referred to Caiman lutescens) Melanosuchus fisheri Melanosuchus niger

Below is a cladogram modified from Hastings et al. (2013).

Stangerochampsa mccabei Brachychampsa montana Brachychampsa sealeyi  Alligatoridae  Alligatorinae  Caimaninae  Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus Eocaiman cavernensis Tsoabichi greenriverensis Paleosuchus palpebrosus Paleosuchus trigonatus Centenariosuchus gilmorei Purussaurus neivensis Mourasuchus Orthogenysuchus olseni Caiman crocodilus Caiman yacare Caiman latirostris Caiman lutescens Melanosuchus fisheri Melanosuchus niger

References

English Journal

• Micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities on Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted caiman) hatchlings after embryonic exposure to different pesticide formulations.

• López González EC1, Larriera A2, Siroski PA3, Poletta GL4.
• Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2017 Feb;136:84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.035. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
• This study aimed to evaluate the embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of pesticide commercial formulations widely used in soybean crops through the Micronucleus (MN) test and other Nuclear Abnormalities (NAs) in erythrocytes of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris), exposed by topical application thr
• PMID 27821305

• Evaluation of Stage-Dependent Genotoxic Effect of Roundup® (Glyphosate) on Caiman latirostris Embryos.

• Burella PM1,2, Simoniello MF3, Poletta GL3,4,5.
• Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.2017 Jan;72(1):50-57. doi: 10.1007/s00244-016-0311-7. Epub 2016 Oct 22.
• The agricultural expansion over the past decades, along with the associated increase in the use of pesticides, represents a high risk for many wild species. Caiman latirostris is a South American caiman with many features that make it highly vulnerable to pesticide exposure. Considering previous fin
• PMID 27771755

• Mating System of Caiman yacare (Reptilia: Alligatoridae) Described from Microsatellite Genotypes.

• Ojeda GN1, Amavet PS2, Rueda EC2, Siroski PA2, Larriera A2.
• The Journal of heredity.J Hered.2016 Dec 6. pii: esw080. [Epub ahead of print]
• The yacare caiman (Caiman yacare) is a reptile from South America and 1 of the 2 crocodilian species present in Argentina. The degradation of their natural habitat and strong hunting pressure led to a sharp numerical decline of wild populations. Nowadays, C. yacare is included in Appendix II of CITE
• PMID 27923909

• The long road to steady state in gas exchange: metabolic and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in Cuvier's dwarf caiman.

• Malte CL1, Malte H2, Wang T2.
• The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2016 Dec 1;219(Pt 23):3810-3821. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
• Animals with intermittent lung ventilation and those exposed to hypoxia and hypercapnia will experience fluctuations in the bodily O2 and CO2 stores, but the magnitude and duration of these changes are not well understood amongst ectotherms. Using the changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER;
• PMID 27618857

Japanese Journal

• Radiochemistry of iodine : Outcomes of the CAIMAN program

• CANTREL L.
• Nucl. Technol. 156(1), 11-28, 2006
• NAID 80018923954

• ワニCaiman crocodilusの歯胚におけるamelogenin遺伝子の発現について

• 阿部 達彦,鳥居 秀平,今井 元,大井田 新一郎,山下 靖雄
• Journal of oral biosciences 46(5), 451, 2004-09-01
• NAID 110003163343

• ワニCaiman crocodilusのセメント質の微細構造に関する観察

• 阿部 達彦
• Journal of oral biosciences 46(2), 125-151, 2004-04-20
• NAID 110003166640

Related Pictures

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リンク元	「Cayman」「カイマン」「alligator」「crocodile」

「Cayman」

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カイマン、イマン属、Cayman属

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alligator、caiman、crocodile

「カイマン」

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caiman、Cayman

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「alligator」

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caiman、Cayman、crocodile

　 　 　 　

「crocodile」

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alligator、caiman、Cayman