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Byssinosis, also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever", is an occupational lung disease caused by exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated working environments.^[1] Byssinosis commonly occurs in workers who are employed in yarn and fabric manufacture industries. It is now thought that the cotton dust directly causes the disease and some believe that the causative agents are endotoxins that come from the cell walls of gram negative bacteria that grow on the cotton. Although bacterial endotoxin is a likely cause, the absence of similar symptoms in workers in other industries exposed to endotoxins makes this uncertain.^[2]

Of the 81 byssinosis-related fatalities reported in the United States between 1990 and 1999, 48% included an occupation in the yarn, thread, and fabric industry on the victim's death certificate.^[3] This disease often occurred in the times of the industrial revolution. Most commonly young girls working in mills or other textile factories would be afflicted with this disease. In the United States, from 1996 to 2005, North Carolina accounted for about 37% of all deaths caused by byssinosis, with 31, followed by South Carolina (8) and Georgia (7).^[4]

The term "brown lung" is a misnomer, as the lungs of affected individuals are not brown.^[5]

Symptoms

Breathing difficulties
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Cough

Brown lung can ultimately result in narrowing of the airways, lung scarring and death from infection or respiratory failure.

References

^ Hollander, AG (December 1953). "Byssinosis". Chest (American College of Chest Physicians) 24 (6): 674–678. doi:10.1378/chest.24.6.674. PMID 13107566. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ Newman, Lee S. (June 2008). "Byssinosis". Merck Manuals: online medical dictionary. Merck & Co. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
^ "Section 4. Byssinosis and Related Exposures". The Work-Related Lung Disease Surveillance Report, 2002. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 2003.
^ "Byssinosis: Number of deaths by state, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 1996-2005". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. March 2009. Retrieved 2013-02-14.
^ Barry S. Levy, David H. Wegman, Sherry L. Baron, Rosemary K. Sokas (2011). Occupational and environmental health recognizing and preventing disease and injury (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 416. ISBN 9780199750061.

External links

Byssinosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encylopedia (NIH)
Byssinosis: Environmental Lung Diseases: Merck Home Manual Edition
Work-Related Lung Disease Surveillance System (eWoRLD): Byssinosis and Related Exposures | CDC/NIOSH

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English Journal

Long-term respiratory health effects in textile workers.

Lai PS1, Christiani DC.Author information 1Department of Environmental Health (Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. pslai@hsph.harvard.eduAbstractPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over 60 million people worldwide work in the textile or clothing industry. Recent studies have recognized the contribution of workplace exposures to chronic lung diseases, in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Early studies in textile workers have focused on the relationship between hemp or cotton dust exposure and the development of a syndrome termed byssinosis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to organic dust in textile workers on chronic respiratory disease in the broader context of disease classifications, such as reversible or irreversible obstructive lung disease (i.e. asthma or COPD), and restrictive lung disease.
Current opinion in pulmonary medicine.Curr Opin Pulm Med.2013 Mar;19(2):152-7. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835cee9a.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over 60 million people worldwide work in the textile or clothing industry. Recent studies have recognized the contribution of workplace exposures to chronic lung diseases, in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Early studies in textile workers have focused on
PMID 23361196

Pattern and predictors for respiratory illnesses and symptoms and lung function among textile workers in Karachi, Pakistan.

Nafees AA1, Fatmi Z, Kadir MM, Sathiakumar N.Author information 1Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. asaad.nafees@aku.eduAbstractOBJECTIVES: To determine pattern and predictors for respiratory illnesses and symptoms and lung function among textile workers in Karachi, Pakistan.
Occupational and environmental medicine.Occup Environ Med.2013 Feb;70(2):99-107. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2011-100561. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
OBJECTIVES: To determine pattern and predictors for respiratory illnesses and symptoms and lung function among textile workers in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of 372 adult male textile workers from the spinning and weaving sections of 15 textile mills from Karachi. Da
PMID 23155188

Respiratory impairment in cotton-ginning workers exposed to cotton dust.

Dube KJ1, Ingale LT, Ingle ST.Author information 1School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. kjdube@gmail.com.AbstractDust generated during the handling and processing of cotton causes ill health of ginning workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among cotton-ginning workers. This study involved 188 workers of 10 cotton-ginning factories. Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) declined significantly with increasing duration of exposure (p < .001) of the cotton-ginning workers. Results of a standard respirator medical evaluation questionnaire indicated that, depending on duration of exposure, 51%-71% of cotton-ginning workers suffered from chest tightness, 55%-62% experienced chest pain, while 33%-42% of the workers reported frequent cough. Blood tests of the workers showed higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, eosinophils, and white blood cells when exposure was longer. Byssinosis symptoms were observed among the workers. We recommend regular periodical medical check-ups, compulsory use of personal protective equipment, and proper ventilation at the workplace.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE.Int J Occup Saf Ergon.2013;19(4):551-60.
Dust generated during the handling and processing of cotton causes ill health of ginning workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among cotton-ginning workers. This study involved 188 workers of 10 cotton-ginning factories. Forced vital capacity (FVC
PMID 24321634