PrepTutorEJDIC
- 畜生のような,野卑な,粗暴な
English Journal
- "… solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short".
- McClure R.
- Australian and New Zealand journal of public health.Aust N Z J Public Health.2013 Jun;37(3):203-4. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12059.
- PMID 23731100
- The outbreak of cooperation among success-driven individuals under noisy conditions.
- Helbing D1, Yu W.Author information 1Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, UNO D11, Universitätstrasse 41, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. dhelbing@ethz.chAbstractAccording to Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan [1651; 2008 (Touchstone, New York), English Ed], "the life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short," and it would need powerful social institutions to establish social order. In reality, however, social cooperation can also arise spontaneously, based on local interactions rather than centralized control. The self-organization of cooperative behavior is particularly puzzling for social dilemmas related to sharing natural resources or creating common goods. Such situations are often described by the prisoner's dilemma. Here, we report the sudden outbreak of predominant cooperation in a noisy world dominated by selfishness and defection, when individuals imitate superior strategies and show success-driven migration. In our model, individuals are unrelated, and do not inherit behavioral traits. They defect or cooperate selfishly when the opportunity arises, and they do not know how often they will interact or have interacted with someone else. Moreover, our individuals have no reputation mechanism to form friendship networks, nor do they have the option of voluntary interaction or costly punishment. Therefore, the outbreak of prevailing cooperation, when directed motion is integrated in a game-theoretical model, is remarkable, particularly when random strategy mutations and random relocations challenge the formation and survival of cooperative clusters. Our results suggest that mobility is significant for the evolution of social order, and essential for its stabilization and maintenance.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2009 Mar 10;106(10):3680-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811503106. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
- According to Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan [1651; 2008 (Touchstone, New York), English Ed], "the life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short," and it would need powerful social institutions to establish social order. In reality, however, social cooperation can also arise spontaneously, bas
- PMID 19237576
- Data briefing. Nasty, brutish and short.
- Appleby J.
- The Health service journal.Health Serv J.1995 Aug 10;105(5465):30-1.
- PMID 10151926
Japanese Journal
- ヨーロッパの社会環境について : 民族と国家の立場から
- 社会情報学研究 : 呉大学社会情報学部紀要 5, 61-78, 1999-12-26
- NAID 110000487394
- 戦後イギリスにおける住宅法制の展開と政策
- 比較法学 17(1), 1-108, 1983-07-01
- NAID 110000313160
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- Yet the brutish rhetoric inevitably coming from GOP opponents will only alienate Hispanics even more than they already are. Obama Realigns, the GOP Declines: The New Political Paradigm Robert Shrum January 31, 2013 / ɪʃ / ...
- brutishとは。意味や和訳。[形]1 野獣の（ような）；残忍な，凶暴な；粗野な.2 未開の，野蛮な.brut・ish・ly[副] brut・ish・ness[名] - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
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