関: BrdU、bromodeoxyuridine

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/08 23:15:48」(JST)

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Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, BrdU, BUdR, BrdUrd) is a synthetic nucleoside that is an analogue of thymidine. BrdU is commonly used in the detection of proliferating cells in living tissues.^[1] 5-bromodeoxycytidine is deaminated to form BrdU.^[2]

BrdU can be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA of replicating cells (during the S phase of the cell cycle), substituting for thymidine during DNA replication. Antibodies specific for BrdU can then be used to detect the incorporated chemical (see immunohistochemistry), thus indicating cells that were actively replicating their DNA. Binding of the antibody requires denaturation of the DNA, usually by exposing the cells to acid or heat.^[3]

BrdU can be passed to daughter cells upon replication.^[4] BrdU has been demonstrated to be detectable over two years post-infusion.^[5]

Because BrdU can replace thymidine during DNA replication, it can cause mutations, and its use is therefore potentially a health hazard.^[3] However, because it is neither radioactive nor myelotoxic at labeling concentrations, it is widely preferred for in vivo studies of cancer cell proliferation.^[6]^[7] However, at radiosensitizing concentrations, BrdU becomes myelosuppressive thus limiting its use for radiosensitizing.^[2]

BrdU differs from thymidine in that BrdU substitutes a Br group for thymidine's CH₃ group. The Br substitution can be used in X-Ray diffraction experiments in crystals containing either DNA or RNA. The Br atom acts as an anomalous scatterer and its larger size will affect the crystal's x-ray diffraction enough to detect isomorphous differences as well.^[8]^[9]

External links[edit]

BrdU at OpenWetWare, the bioscience wiki]
BrdU Modifications at IDT DNA

References[edit]

^ Lehner, Bernadette; Sandner, Beatrice; Marschallinger, Julia; Lehner, Christine; Furtner, Tanja; Couillard-Despres, Sebastien; Rivera, Francisco J.; Brockhoff, Gero et al. (2011). "The dark side of BrdU in neural stem cell biology: Detrimental effects on cell cycle, differentiation and survival". Cell and Tissue Research 345 (3): 313–28. doi:10.1007/s00441-011-1213-7. PMID 21837406. |displayauthors= suggested (help)
^ ^a ^b Russo, Angelo; 1 Luca Gianni, Timothy J. Kinsella, Raymond W. Klecker, Jr., Jeanne Jenkins, Jan Rowland, Eli Glatstein, James B. Mitchell, Jerry Collins, and Charles Myers (April 1984). "Pharmacological Evaluation of Intravenous Delivery of 5-Bromodeoxyuridine to Patients with Brain Tumors". Cancer Research 44: 1702–1705. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b Konishi, Teruaki; Takeyasu, Akihiro; Natsume, Toshiyuki; Furusawa, Yoshiya; Hieda, Kotaro (2011). "Visualization of Heavy Ion Tracks by Labeling 3'-OH Termini of Induced DNA Strand Breaks". Journal of Radiation Research 52 (4): 433–40. doi:10.1269/jrr.10097. PMID 21785232.
^ Kee, N; S Sivalingam, R Boonstra, J.M Wojtowicz (March 2002). "The utility of Ki-67 and BrdU as proliferative markers of adult neurogenesis". Journal of Neuroscience Methods 115 (1): 97–105. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Eriksson, Peter; Ekaterina Perfilieva, Thomas Björk-Eriksson, Ann-Marie Alborn, Claes Nordborg, Daniel A. Peterson, Fred H. Gage (1998). "Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus". Nature Medicine. 1313-1317 4: 1313–1317. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Fujimaki, MD, Takamitsu; Masao Matsutani, MD, Osamu Nakamura, MD, Akio Asai, MD, Nobuaki Funada, MD, Morio Koike, MD, Hiromu Segawa, MD, Kouichi Aritake, MD, Takanori Fukushima, MD, Shuntaro Houjo, MD, Akira Tamura, MD, Keiji Sano, MD (29 June 2006). "Correlation Between Bromodeoxyuridine- Labeling Indices and Patient Prognosis in Cerebral Astrocytic Tumors of Adults". Cancer 67 (6): 1629–1634. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Hoshino, Takao; Tadashi Nagashima, Judith Murovic, Ellen M. Levin, Victor A. Levin, and Stephen M. Rupp (1985). "Cell Kinetic Studies of In Situ Human Brain Tumors With Bromodeoxyuridine". Cytometry 6 (6): 627–632. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Peterson, M. R.; Harrop, S. J.; McSweeney, S. M.; Leonard, G. A.; Thompson, A. W.; Hunter, W. N.; Helliwell, J. R. (1996). "MAD Phasing Strategies Explored with a Brominated Oligonucleotide Crystal at 1.65Å Resolution". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 3 (Pt 1): 24–34. doi:10.1107/S0909049595013288. PMID 16702655.
^ Beck, Tobias; Gruene, Tim; Sheldrick, George M. (2010). "The magic triangle goes MAD: Experimental phasing with a bromine derivative". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 66 (4): 374–80. doi:10.1107/S0907444909051609. PMC 2852301. PMID 20382990.

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English Journal

Carbon Nanohorns Promote Maturation of Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes and Inhibit Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts: a Promising Scaffold for Cardiac Tissue Engineering.

Wu Y1, Shi X2, Li Y1, Tian L1, Bai R1, Wei Y1, Han D2, Liu H3, Xu J4.
Nanoscale research letters.Nanoscale Res Lett.2016 Dec;11(1):284. Epub 2016 Jun 4.
Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) has developed rapidly, but a great challenge remains in finding practical scaffold materials for the construction of engineered cardiac tissues. Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) may be a potential candidate due to their special structure and properties. The purpose of this st
PMID 27263018

Post-treatment with prolactin protects hippocampal CA1 neurons of the ovariectomized female rat against kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration.

Reyes-Mendoza J1, Morales T2.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 Jul 22;328:58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.030. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
Kainic acid (KA) is a glutamate agonist widely used in studies of neurodegeneration due to its ability to induce excitotoxic damage in the rodent brain. Previously, we reported that pre-treatment with prolactin (PRL) prevents the neuron loss induced by KA administration in CA1, CA3 and CA4 of the hi
PMID 27126559

Glucocorticoid Suppresses Connexin 43 Expression by Inhibiting the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Osteoblasts.

Shen C1, Kim MR1, Noh JM1, Kim SJ1, Ka SO2, Kim JH3, Park BH2, Park JH4.
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The inhibition of proliferation or functional alteration of osteoblasts by glucocorticoids (GCs) has been recognized as an important etiology of GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most abundant connexin isoform in bone cells and plays important roles in bone remodeling. Despite
PMID 26914606

Japanese Journal

ラット片側臼歯喪失に対する下顎頭軟骨の組織化学的検索

奥羽大学歯学誌 36巻(2号), 61-76, 2009-06
NAID 120005415909

上顎洞癌の併用療法　　ことにＴ４症例の治療法について:ことにT4症例の治療法について

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 92(2), 169-175, 1989
NAID 130000808400

D-T中性子線の細胞致死作用における酸素およびブロクスウリジンの影響

日本医学放射線学会雑誌 43(7), 940-946, 1983-07-25
NAID 120004851389

「ブロクスウリジン」

Bromodeoxyuridine
Identifiers
CAS number	59-14-3
PubChem	6918942
ChemSpider	5294121
UNII	G34N38R2N1
MeSH	Bromodeoxyuridine
ChEMBL	CHEMBL222280
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES BrC=1C(=O)NC(=O)N(C=1)[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)C2)CO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H11BrN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7+/m1/s1 ; Key: WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-VQVTYTSYSA-N InChI=1/C9H11BrN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7+/m1/s1; Key: WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-VQVTYTSYBQ ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C9H11BrN2O5
Molar mass	307.098
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: broxuridine, BUdR
ラ: broxuridinum
同: 5-ブロモウリジン-2′-デオキシリボース 5-bromouridin-2′-deoxyribose、5-ブロモ-2'-デオキシウリジン 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
関: ブロモデオキシウリジン、BAR療法、ピリミジン拮抗物質

[1] Lehner, Bernadette; Sandner, Beatrice; Marschallinger, Julia; Lehner, Christine; Furtner, Tanja; Couillard-Despres, Sebastien; Rivera, Francisco J.; Brockhoff, Gero et al. (2011). "The dark side of BrdU in neural stem cell biology: Detrimental effects on cell cycle, differentiation and survival". Cell and Tissue Research 345 (3): 313–28. doi:10.1007/s00441-011-1213-7. PMID 21837406. |displayauthors= suggested (help)

[Cancer_Research-2] Russo, Angelo; 1 Luca Gianni, Timothy J. Kinsella, Raymond W. Klecker, Jr., Jeanne Jenkins, Jan Rowland, Eli Glatstein, James B. Mitchell, Jerry Collins, and Charles Myers (April 1984). "Pharmacological Evaluation of Intravenous Delivery of 5-Bromodeoxyuridine to Patients with Brain Tumors". Cancer Research 44: 1702–1705. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[pmid21785232-3] Konishi, Teruaki; Takeyasu, Akihiro; Natsume, Toshiyuki; Furusawa, Yoshiya; Hieda, Kotaro (2011). "Visualization of Heavy Ion Tracks by Labeling 3'-OH Termini of Induced DNA Strand Breaks". Journal of Radiation Research 52 (4): 433–40. doi:10.1269/jrr.10097. PMID 21785232.

[Ki-67_V._BrdU-4] Kee, N; S Sivalingam, R Boonstra, J.M Wojtowicz (March 2002). "The utility of Ki-67 and BrdU as proliferative markers of adult neurogenesis". Journal of Neuroscience Methods 115 (1): 97–105. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Nature_Neurogenesis-5] Eriksson, Peter; Ekaterina Perfilieva, Thomas Björk-Eriksson, Ann-Marie Alborn, Claes Nordborg, Daniel A. Peterson, Fred H. Gage (1998). "Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus". Nature Medicine. 1313-1317 4: 1313–1317. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Fujimaki_Cancer-6] Fujimaki, MD, Takamitsu; Masao Matsutani, MD, Osamu Nakamura, MD, Akio Asai, MD, Nobuaki Funada, MD, Morio Koike, MD, Hiromu Segawa, MD, Kouichi Aritake, MD, Takanori Fukushima, MD, Shuntaro Houjo, MD, Akira Tamura, MD, Keiji Sano, MD (29 June 2006). "Correlation Between Bromodeoxyuridine- Labeling Indices and Patient Prognosis in Cerebral Astrocytic Tumors of Adults". Cancer 67 (6): 1629–1634. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Cytometry_Myelotoxic-7] Hoshino, Takao; Tadashi Nagashima, Judith Murovic, Ellen M. Levin, Victor A. Levin, and Stephen M. Rupp (1985). "Cell Kinetic Studies of In Situ Human Brain Tumors With Bromodeoxyuridine". Cytometry 6 (6): 627–632. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[8] Peterson, M. R.; Harrop, S. J.; McSweeney, S. M.; Leonard, G. A.; Thompson, A. W.; Hunter, W. N.; Helliwell, J. R. (1996). "MAD Phasing Strategies Explored with a Brominated Oligonucleotide Crystal at 1.65Å Resolution". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 3 (Pt 1): 24–34. doi:10.1107/S0909049595013288. PMID 16702655.

[9] Beck, Tobias; Gruene, Tim; Sheldrick, George M. (2010). "The magic triangle goes MAD: Experimental phasing with a bromine derivative". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 66 (4): 374–80. doi:10.1107/S0907444909051609. PMC 2852301. PMID 20382990.

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broxuridine