WordNet
- small birds of the Old World tropics having bright plumage and short wide bills
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/09 08:44:28」(JST)
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This article is about the bird family. For other uses, see Broadbill (disambiguation).
| Broadbills |
|
Banded broadbill
Eurylaimus javanicus |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Class: |
Aves |
| Order: |
Passeriformes |
| Suborder: |
Tyranni |
| Family: |
Eurylaimidae |
| Genera |
|
Smithornis
Pseudocalyptomena
Corydon
Cymbirhynchus
Eurylaimus
Psarisomus
Serilophus
Calyptomena
|
The broadbills are a clade of small passerine birds, Eurylaimidae (named after the type genus Eurylaimus). The Smithornis and Pseudocalyptomena species occur in sub-Saharan Africa; the rest extend from the eastern Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines. The family possibly also includes the sapayoa from the Neotropics and the asities from Madagascar, although many taxonomists now separate each of the three into distinct families.
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Behaviour and ecology
- 3 Taxonomy and systematics
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Description
Many of the broadbills are brightly coloured birds that present broad heads, large eyes and a hooked, flat and broad beak. They range from 13 to 28 centimetres in length, and live in the dense canopies of wet forests, allowing them to hide despite their brightly coloured plumage.[1] The plumage of the juveniles eurylaimids are similar to those of the adults, differing in being duller and shorter-winged and shorter-tailed in some cases.[2]
Behaviour and ecology
The broadbills are for the most part insectivorous and carnivorous. Prey taken include insects, spiders, centipedes, and millipedes, as well as lizards and tree frogs. Prey is obtained by sallying from a perch to snatch it in flight, and gleaning the prey off leaves and branches while flying. Some species may take some fruit, but only the green broadbills of the genus Calyptomena and the Grauer's broadbill are primarily frugivores (which also take some insects as well).
They are generally gregarious, with many species moving about in flocks of about 20 individuals. Broadbills attach their purse-shaped nests to suspended vines, and leave a tail of fibres hanging below it. This gives the nest the appearance of being random debris caught in the tree, an effect further enhanced by the birds covering the nest with lichen and spider webs.[1] Broadbills typically lay two to three eggs.
Taxonomy and systematics
The sapayoa was originally classified in the group Pipridae, according to at least one author,[3] the genus more accurately now suggests its own family. The four species of asities, a family endemic to Madagascar, are sometimes included in the broadbills.[4] It has been suggested that the group is not monophyletic.[5]
Long-tailed broadbill,
Psarisomus dalhousiae.
Family Eurylaimidae
- Subfamily: Smithornithinae - typical African broadbills
- Genus: Smithornis
- African broadbill, Smithornis capensis
- Grey-headed broadbill, Smithornis sharpei
- Rufous-sided broadbill, Smithornis rufolateralis
- Subfamily: Pseudocalyptomeninae
- Genus: Pseudocalyptomena
- Grauer's broadbill, Pseudocalyptomena graueri
- Subfamily: Calyptomeninae - Asian green broadbills
- Genus: Calyptomena
- Green broadbill, Calyptomena viridis
- Hose's broadbill, Calyptomena hosii
- Whitehead's broadbill Calyptomena whiteheadi
- Subfamily: Eurylaiminae - typical Asian broadbills
- Genus Corydon
- Dusky broadbill, Corydon sumatranus
- Genus: Cymbirhynchus
- Black-and-red broadbill, Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos
- Genus: Eurylaimus
- Banded broadbill, Eurylaimus javanicus
- Black-and-yellow broadbill, Eurylaimus ochromalus
- Wattled broadbill, Eurylaimus steerii
- Visayan broadbill, Eurylaimus samarensis
- Genus: Psarisomus
- Long-tailed broadbill, Psarisomus dalhousiae
- Genus: Serilophus
- Silver-breasted broadbill, Serilophus lunatus
References
- ^ a b McClure, H. Elliott (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 158–158. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ^ del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D. (2003). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-50-4.
- ^ Sapayoa aenigma: a New World representative of 'Old World suboscines'
- ^ Prum, R. 0. (1993). "Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of the broadbills (Eurylaimidae) and asities (Philepittidae) based on morphology.". Auk 110: 304–324.
- ^ Olson, SL (1971). "Taxonomic comments on the Eurylaimidae" (PDF). Ibis 113: 507–516. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1971.tb05185.x.
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eurylaimidae. |
- Broadbill videos on the Internet Bird Collection
English Journal
- Evaluation of the possible inclusion of certain fish species in chronic kidney disease diets based on their adverse and beneficial nutrient ratios.
- Castro-González I, Maafs-Rodríguez AG, Silencio-Barrita JL, Galindo-Gómez C, Pérez-Gil F.SourceDepartment of Animal Nutrition, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico DF, Mexico. isacastro55@yahoo.com.mx
- International journal of food sciences and nutrition.Int J Food Sci Nutr.2013 Feb;64(1):82-8. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.700921. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
- The goal of this study was to quantify the adverse (phosphorus, protein, sodium, potassium and cholesterol) and beneficial [n-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); vitamins D(3) and E] nutrients in 14 fish species in order to evaluate their inclusion in chronic kid
- PMID 22734717
- [Composition and characteristics of understory bird communities in monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest of Mengyang, Xishuangbanna in the dry season].
- Huang JH, Zou FS.SourceSouth China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research / "Dong wu xue yan jiu" bian ji wei yuan hui bian ji.Dongwuxue Yanjiu.2010 Jun;31(3):310-8. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2010.03310.
- Understory birds in monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest of Mengyang, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan were sampled using mist nets from October 2008 to March 2009. A total of 1423 individuals of 90 species belonging to 28 families and 7 orders were captured, among which there are 8 dominant bird species, i.e.
- PMID 20672421
Japanese Journal
- 三崎の水産加工で用いられているマカジキ及びメカジキ冷凍魚のK値から見た品質
Related Links
- Broadbill definition, any of several small, often brightly colored passerine birds of the family Eurylaimidae, of the Old World tropics, having a broad, flattened bill. See more. Thesaurus Translator Reference Word of the Day Blog ...
- broadbill (ˈbrɔːdˌbɪl) n 1. (Animals) any passerine bird of the family Eurylaimidae, of tropical Africa and Asia, having bright plumage and a short wide bill 2. (Animals) US any of various wide-billed birds, such as the scaup and shoveler
Related Pictures
